Life-Span Human Development

1. UNDERSTANDING LIFE-SPAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. What Is Development? How Do People View The Life Span?. What Is the Science of Life-Span Development? How Is Developmental Research Conducted? What Problems Arise in Studying Development? Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 2. THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. The Nature of Theories. Basic Issues in Human Development. Freud: Psychoanalytic Theory. Erikson: Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Thoery. Learning Theory. Cognitive- Developmental Theory. Contextual Theory. Theories and World Views. Applications: Developmental Theory and Teenage Pregnancy. Clarifying Your Own Theoretical Perspective. Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 3. THE GENETICS OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT. Species Heredity, Evolution, and Human Development. Individual Heredity. Studying Genetic and Environmental Influences. Accounting for Individual Differences. Heredity and Environment: A Closer Look. Applications: Genetic Counseling and Engineering. Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 4. EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON DEVELOPMENT. Development in the Prenatal Environment. The Perinatal Environment. The Early Postnatal Environment. Risk and Resilience. Applications: Getting Life Off to a Good Start. Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 5. THE PHYSICAL SELF. The Endocrine System. The Nervous System. The Infant. The Child. The Adolescent. The Adult. Applications: Optimizing Healthy Development. Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 6. ISSUES OF NATURE AND NURTURE. The Infant. The Child. The Adolescent. The Adult. Applications: Aiding People with Hearing Impairments. Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 7. COGNITION AND LANGUAGE. Piaget's Approach to Cognitive Development. The Infant. The Child. The Adolescent. The Adult. Piaget in Perspective. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Perspective. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Perspective. Mastering Language. Applications: Improving Cognitive Functioning. Summary Points. Key Terms. Food for Thought. 8. LEARNING AND INFORMATION PROCESSING. Basic Learning Processes. The Information-Processing Approach. The Infant. The Child. The Adolescent. The Adult. Applications: Improving Memory. Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 9. INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVITY. What Is Intelligence? How Is Intelligence Measured? The Infant. The Child. The Adolescent. The Adult. Factors That Influence IQ Scores. The Extremes of Intelligence. Creativity and Special Talents. Applications: Boosting Intellectual Performance Across the Life Span. Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 10. SELF-CONCEPTIONS AND PERSONALITY. Conceptualizing the Self. The Infant. The Child. The Adolescent. The Adult. Applications: Boosting Self-Esteem. Summary Points. Food for Thought. Key Terms. 11. GENDER ROLES AND SEXUALITY. Male and Female. The Infant. The Child. The Adolescent. The Adult. Sexuality over the Life Span. Applications: Changing Gender-Role Attitudes and Behaviour.