Mitral Stenosis

Neeraj Parakh - is Associate Professor of Cardiology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Dr Parakh is an expert in the field of cardiac electrophysiology, with a keen interest in pediatric and adult congenital heart disease related rhythm disorders and mitral valve disease with special focus on mitral stenosis. After completing his cardiology training at AIIMS, New Delhi, Dr Parakh has been instrumental in reestablishing the cardiac electrophysiology services at Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital as the Incharge of EP lab. He has published many articles in various national and international journals. He is actively involved in the stem cell and heart transplant programs at AIIMS and in many collaborative international trials. He is an awardee of National Talent Scholarship by NCERT. He is pursuing research in the field of cardiac devices and myocardial infarction. Ravi S Math - completed his cardiology training from All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. He continued working at AIIMS as a senior research officer where he was involved in a number of research projects and trials. Following which he joined Govind Ballabh Pant hospital, New Delh as an Assistant Professor. Currently, he is an Associate Professor at Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research (SJICSR), Bangalore. SJICSR performs the highest number of cath procedures in the country and has the distinction of the largest volume of Percutaneous Trans-Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC) in the world. Dr Ravi Math has to his credit a number of research papers in national and international journals. He has authored many chapters in various textbooks including the 14th edition of Hurst’s The Heart. He enjoys teaching and his fields of interest include valvular heart disease, valvular and coronary intervention and heart failure. Vivek Chaturvedi - is a Professor of Cardiology and works as a consultant at Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital (GIPMER), New Delhi where he is Incharge for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Services. He completed his medical education and training at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. His areas of interest include cardiac electrophysiology, heart failure and cardiovascular epidemiology in which he has more than 5 years experience. He has more than 35 peer reviewed national and international publications. He has also co-authored book chapters, presented numerous papers inconferences, and is a regular speaker in cardiology meetings. He has received 4 awards including that for the best DM cardiology thesis in the country. Currently the Principal Investigator for 3 international Trials/Studies, he is also on the Steering Committee of several ongoing studies. Dr Chaturvedi has a special interest in Rheumatic Heart Disease and has completed and published original research on novel echocardiographic parameters for prediction of elevated left atrial pressure in MS as well as co-authored an article on effect of ivabradine on heart rate and functional capacity in MS. At present he is a fellow in advanced Cardiac Electrophysiology at the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, UK.

Foreword



Preface



Glossary



Contributors

PART 1. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL FEATURES



1. The history of mitral stenosis



Balram Bhargava and Neeraj Parakh

2. Epidemiology and the natural history of mitral stenosis



Anita Saxena

3. The etiology of mitral stenosis



Anunay Gupta and Sandeep Singh

4. The pathophysiology of mitral stenosis



Sudheer Arava, Kusuma Harisha, and Ruma Ray

5. Clinical features of mitral stenosis



Jaganmohan A. Tharakan

6. Complications of mitral stenosis



Senguttuvan Nagendra Boopathy and Ambuj Roy

PART 2. INVESTIGATIONS



7. Electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, and ancillary investigations



Arun Sharma, Kanika Bhambri, Gurpreet S. Gulati, and Neeraj Parakh

8. Echocardiogram



Vivek Chaturvedi

9. Cardiac catheterization



Raghgav Bansal and Ganesan Karthikeyan

PART 3. MANAGEMENT



10. Assessment of severity and treatment strategy



Ravi S. Math

11. Medical management



Rajnish Juneja and Neeraj Parakh

12. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy: Techniques and hardware



Neeraj Parakh and Ravi S. Math

13. Challenges in percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy



Ravi S. Math and Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath

14. Surgical treatment



Shiv Kumar Choudhary and Amol Bhoje

PART 4. SPECIAL SITUATIONS



15. Juvenile mitral stenosis



Arima Nigam and Ravi S. Math

16. Pregnancy and mitral stenosis



Raghav Bansal, Preeti Yadav, and Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan

17. Lutembacher syndrome



Kikkeri Hemannasetty Srinivas and Anand Subramaniam

18. Atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias



Neeraj Parakh and Vivek Chaturvedi

19. Congenital mitral stenosis



Danny Manglani and Saurabh Kumar Gupta

20. Degenerative mitral stenosis



Neeraj Parakh

21. Mitral bioprosthetic valve dysfunction



Neeraj Parakh

PART 5. MISCELLANEOUS



22. Pulmonary hypertension in mitral stenosis



Ravi S. Math

23. Left-ventricular dysfunction in mitral stenosis



Ravi S. Math

24. Subvalvular deformity in mitral stenosis



Vivek Chaturvedi

Index