Cummings Otolaryngology

Paul W. Flint, MD received his medical degree from Baylor College of Medicine and completed his residency training at the University of Washington. He joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins in 1991, where he served as Residency Training Program Director. In 2009, Dr. Flint was appointed Professor and Chair, Otolaryngology - Head &Neck Surgery at Oregon Health & Science University. He is a founding member of the Society for Airway Management, and an active member of The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Society, The American Academy of Otolaryngology, and The American College of Surgeons. Dr. Flint's clinical interests include the treatment of benign and malignant diseases of the airway, development of procedures to improve voice, swallowing, and breathing; and, treatment of movement disorders affecting the head and neck, including dystonia and Parkinson disease. Dr. Haughey is a board-certified otolaryngologist with advanced fellowship training in head and neck cancer surgery. He specializes in surgical interventions to address cancers of the throat, vocal cords, sinuses, thyroid, parathyroid, submandibular and salivary glands, neck and skull. His primary clinical interests also include surgery to address skin cancers on the face and neck, including melanoma and facial reconstruction surgeries, as well as microvascular free tissue transfer procedures and laryngeal and sinus disorders. A respected researcher whose work has contributed to the development of new and minimally invasive methods for removing head and neck cancers, Dr. Haughey earned his medical degree at the University of Auckland in New Zealand before completing his residency as Chief Resident, earning a Master of Science in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery and carrying out a prestigious skull base and neuro-otology fellowship, all at the University of Iowa in Iowa City. Valerie Lund is Professor Emeritus of Rhinology at the Ear Institute, University College London and is an Honorary Consultant ENT Surgeon at the Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital (University College London Trust), University College Hospital. She deals with all nose and sinus conditions with a particular interest in sinonasal tumors and has been involved in endoscopic sinus surgery and its extended applications since the early 1980's. She has contributed extensively to the literature. She has received several prizes including the George Davey Howell (1990, 2008, 2015), W J Harrison (Royal Society of Medicine 2012), BMA Book awards and Jobson Horne Prize (2018) . In 2008 she was awarded a CBE for services to medicine by the Queen, is a member of the German Academy of Science (Leopoldina) and is an Honorary Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. In 2004, K. Thomas Robbins was appointed the Director at the SimmonsCooper Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University. Dr. Robbins has served as a co-editor of the Cummings Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, since the 4th edition. He has been the author or co-author of hundreds of proffered publications. He has served on several editorial boards, including the Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. He is a past president of the American Head and Neck Society and served on the Board of Governors of the American College of Surgeons. He has chaired the Committee for Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Council of the American College of Surgeons. Dr. Robbins' academic interests have focused on modifications for conservation neck dissection and neck dissection nomenclature and he has received research funding from the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Marci Lesperance is the associate chief clinical officer for Children's Specialty and Women's Services, University of Michigan Medical Group. She served as the division chief of Pediatric Otolaryngology at Michigan Medicine for 15 years. Her research has been funded by NIH and outside foundations. She has previously served as surgeon in chief for the Children's and Women's Hospital, program director for the University of Michigan's Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship, and past president of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology. Dr. Lesperance is a member of numerous professional organizations in otolaryngology and pediatrics. Her research interests include hereditary hearing loss, molecular genetics of hearing loss, and genetic testing. She is also editor of the Elsevier text, Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology, which is a spin-off from the main Cummings Otolaryngology text. Dr. Howard Francis is the Richard Hall Chaney, Sr. Distinguished Professor of Otolaryngology, Professor of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, and Chair of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences at Duke University School of Medicine. His clinical work focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of ear diseases and skull base disorders. Dr. Francis takes great pride in the mastery of his craft and the high standard of his teams. As an ENT doctor, otologist, and neurotologist, he serves patients of all ages from infancy to the senior years, and his expertise spans the full range of the medical and surgical management of complex ear diseases, balance disorders, and hearing disorders - including performing cochlear implant surgery in adults and children.

Flint: CUMMINGS OTOLARYNGOLOGY, 7e

Preface

Part I: Measuring Outcomes and Performance

1. Outcomes Research

2. Interpreting Medical Data

3. Evidence-Based Performance Measurement

Part II: General Otolaryngology

4. History, Physical Examination, and the Preoperative Evaluation

5. General Considerations of Anesthesia and Management of the Difficult Airway

6. Surgical Management of the Difficult Adult Airway

7. Tracheotomy

8. Overview of Diagnostic Imaging of the Head and Neck

9. Deep Neck and Odontogenic Infections

10. Head and Neck Manifestations in the Immunocompromised Host

11. Laryngeal and Tracheal Manifestations of Systemic Disease

12. Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

13. Otolaryngology in the Elderly

14. Pain Management in the Head and Neck Patient

15. Sleep Apnea and Sleep Disorders

Part III: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Section 1: Facial Surgery

16. Aesthetic Facial Analysis

17. Recognition and Treatment of Skin Lesions

18. Scar Revision, Keloids, and Camouflage

19. Facial Trauma: Soft Tissue Lacerations and Burns

20. Maxillofacial Trauma

21. Reconstruction of Facial Defects

22. Hair Restoration: Medical and Surgical Techniques

23. Management of Aging Skin

24. Rhytidectomy and Facial Liposuction

25. The Aesthetic Brow and Forehead

26. Blepharoplasty

27. Mentoplasty

28. Otoplasty

Section 2: Rhinoplasty

29. The Nasal Septum

30. Nasal Fractures

31. Rhinoplasty

32. Special Rhinoplasty Techniques

33. Non-Caucasian Rhinoplasty

34. Revision Rhinoplasty

Part IV: Sinus, Rhinology and Allergy/Immunology

35. Allergy and Immunology of the Upper Airway

36. Olfactory function and dysfunction

37. Objective Assessment of Nasal Function

38. Imaging of Nose and Sinuses

39. Non-allergic Rhinitis

40. Acute Rhinosinusitis: Pathogenesis, Treatment and Complications

41. Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

42. Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Evidence based Medical Treatment

43. Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Outcomes of Medical and Surgical Treatment

44. Primary Sinus Surgery

45. Causes of Failure, Revision Surgery for Rhinosinusitis, and Management of Complications in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

46. Management of the Frontal Sinuses

47. Epistaxis

48. Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea

49. Sino-orbital Interface

50. Benign Tumors of the Sinonasal Tract

51. Systemic Disease of the Nose and Sinuses

52. Facial Pain

Part V: Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology

53. Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Function

54. Visual Documentation of the Larynx

55. Voice Evaluation and Therapy

56. Neurologic Evaluation of the Larynx and Pharynx

57. Neurologic Disorders of the Larynx

58. The Professional Voice

59. Laser Surgery: Basic Principles and Safety Considerations

60. Benign Vocal Fold Mucosal Disorders

61. Acute and Chronic Laryngopharyngitis

62. Medialization Thyroplasty

63. Arytenoid Adduction and Abduction

64. Laryngeal Reinnervation

65. Chronic Aspiration

66. Laryngeal and Esophageal Trauma

67. Surgical Management of Upper Airway Stenosis

68. Diseases of the Esophagus

69. Transnasal Esophagoscopy

70. Zenker Diverticulum

71. Tracheobronchial Endoscopy

Part VI: Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology

Section 1: General Considerations

72. Fundamentals of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy

73. Biology of Head and Neck Cancers

74. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and the Epidemiology of Head and Neck Cancer

75. Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Radiation Physics, Radiobiology, and Clinical Principles

76. Chemotherapy and Targeted Biologic Agents for Head and Neck Cancer

77. Skin Flap Physiology and Wound Healing

78. Free Tissue Transfer

79. Integrating Palliative and Curative Care Strategies in the Practice of Otolaryngology

80. The Management of Cutaneous Head and Neck Melanoma

Section 2: Salivary Glands

81. Physiology of the Salivary Glands

82. Diagnostic Imaging and Fine-needle Aspiration of the Salivary Glands

83. Inflammatory Disorders of the Salivary Glands

84. Benign Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands

85. Malignant Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands

Section 3: Oral Cavity

86. Physiology of the Oral Cavity

87. Oral Mucosal Lesions

88. Odontogenesis, Odontogenic Cysts, and Odontogenic Tumors

89. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

90. Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Oral Cavity

91. Malignant Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity

92. Reconstruction of the Mandible and Maxilla

93. Prosthetic Management of Head and Neck Defects

94. Malignancies of the Paranasal Sinus

Section 4: Pharynx and Esophagus

95. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Nasopharynx

96. Malignant Neoplasms of the Oropharynx

97. Transoral Approaches to Malignant Neoplasms of the Oropharynx

98. Reconstruction of the Oropharynx

99. Swallowing Function and Implications in Head and Neck Cancer

100. Diagnostic Imaging of the Pharynx and Esophagus

101. Neoplasms of the Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophagus

102. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy of Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Hypopharynx and Esophagus

103. Reconstruction of the Hypopharynx and Esophagus

Section 5: Larynx

104. Diagnostic Imaging of the Larynx

105. Malignant Tumors of the Larynx

106. Management of Early Glottic Cancer

107. Transoral Laser Microresection of Advanced Laryngeal Tumors

108. Conservation Laryngeal Surgery

109. Total Laryngectomy and Laryngopharyngectomy

110. Radiation Therapy for Cancer of the Larynx and Hypopharynx

111. Vocal and Speech Rehabilitation After Laryngectomy

112. Diagnosis and Management of Tracheal Neoplasms

Section 6: Neck

113. Differential Diagnosis of Neck Masses

114. Ultrasound Imaging of the Neck

115. Neoplasms of the Neck

116. Lymphomas Presenting in the Head and Neck

117. Radiation Therapy and Management of the Cervical Lymph Nodes and Malignant Skull Base Tumors

118. Neck Dissection

119. Complications of Neck Surgery

120. Penetrating and Blunt Trauma to the Neck

Section 7: Thyroid/Parathyroid

121. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland

122. Management of Thyroid Neoplasms

123. Management of Parathyroid Disorders

124. Surgical Robotics in Otolaryngology

125. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease (Graves' Ophthalmopathy)

Part VII: Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery

Section 1: Basic Science

126. Anatomy of the Temporal Bone, External Ear, and Middle Ear

127. NEUROANATOMY OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

128. Physiology of the Auditory System

129. Anatomy of the Vestibular System

130. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eustachian Tube

131. Clinical Evaluation and Management of the Eustachian Tube

132. CORTICAL NEUROPLASTICITY IN HEARING LOSS

133. Geriatric Otology: Population Health and Clinical Implications

Section 2: Diagnostic Assessment

134. Diagnostic Audiology and Electrophysiologic Assessment of Hearing

135. Neuroradiology of the Temporal Bone and Skull Base

136. Interventional Neuroradiology of the Skull Base, Head and Neck

137. Otologic Symptoms and Syndromes

Section 3: External Ear

138. Infections of the External Ear

139. Topical Therapies of External Ear Disorders

Section 4: Middle Ear, Mastoid and Temporal Bone

140. Chronic Otitis Media, Mastoiditis, and Petrositis

141. Complications of Temporal Bone Infections

142. Tympanoplasty and Ossiculoplasty

143. Mastoidectomy: Surgical Techniques

144. Middle Ear Endoscopic Surgery

145. Clinical Assessment and Surgical Treatment of Conductive Hearing Loss

146. Otosclerosis

147. Management of Temporal Bone Trauma

Section 5: Inner Ear

148. Cochlear Transduction and the Molecular Basis of Auditory Pathology

149. Genetics of Ear Disorders

150. Genetic Sensorineural Hearing Loss

151. Otologic Manifestations of Systemic Disease

152. Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adults

153. Tinnitus and Hyperacusis

154. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

155. Infections of the Labyrinth

156. Autoimmune Inner-Ear Disease

157. Vestibular and Auditory Ototoxicity

158. Pharmacologic and Molecular Therapies of the Cochlear and Vestibular Labyrinth

Section 6: Auditory Prosthetic Stimulation, Devices, and Rehabilitative Audiology

159. Implantable Hearing Devices

160. Cochlear Implantation: Patient Evaluation and Device Selection

161. Medical and Surgical Considerations in Cochlear Implantation

162. Cochlear Implantation in Adults: Results, Outcomes and Rehabilitation

163. Auditory Brainstem Implantation

164. Hearing Aid Amplification

Section 7: Vestibular Disorders

165. Principles of Applied Vestibular Physiology

166. Evaluation of the Patient with Dizziness

167. Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

168. Central Vestibular Disorders

169. Surgery for Vestibular Disorders

170. Vestibular and Balance Rehabilitation Therapy: Program Essentials

Section 8: Facial Nerve Disorders

171. Tests of Facial Nerve Function

172. Clinical Disorders of the Facial Nerve

173. Intratermporal Facial Nerve Surgery

174. Rehabilitation of Facial Paralysis

Section 9: Cranial Base

175. Surgical Anatomy of the Lateral Skull Base

176. Surgery of the Anterior and Middle Cranial Base

177. Transnasal Endoscopic-Assisted Surgery of the Anterior Skull Base

178. Temporal Bone Neoplasms and Lateral Cranial Base Surgery

179. Neoplasms of the Posterior Fossa

180. Intraoperative Monitoring of Cranial Nerves in Neurotologic Surgery

181. Radiation Therapy of Benign Tumors of the Cranial Base

Part VIII: Pediatric Otolaryngology

Section 1: General

182. General Considerations in Pediatric Otolaryngology

183. Pediatric Speech Disorders

184. Anesthesia in Pediatric Otolaryngology

185. Nonobstructive Pediatric Sleep Disorders

186. Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Section 2: Craniofacial

187. Craniofacial Surgery for Congenital and Acquired Deformities

188. Cleft Lip and Palate

189. Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

190. Congenital and Acquired Malformations of the Nose and Nasopharynx

191. Pediatric Facial Fractures

Section 3: Hearing Loss and Pediatric Otology

192. Pediatric Otologic Surgery

193. Early Detection and Diagnosis of Infant Hearing Impairment

194. Congenital Malformations of the Inner Ear

195. Microtia Reconstruction

196. Pediatric Cochlear Implantation

197. Evaluation and Management of Congenital Aural Atresia

198. Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Vestibular Disorders

Section 4: Infections and Inflammation

199. Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media with Effusion

200. Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis

201. Pediatric Infectious Disease

Section 5: Head and Neck

202. Congenital and Inflammatory Neck Masses in Children

203. Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck

204. Pediatric Head and Neck Neoplasms

205. Salivary Gland Disease in Children

Section 6: Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Esophagus

206. Evaluation and Management of the Pediatric Airway

207. Tongue-Ties and Lip Ties

208. Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis

209. Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis and Related Voice Disorders

210. Diagnosis and Management of Tracheal Anomalies and Tracheal Stenosis

211. Aerodigestive Foreign Bodies and Caustic Ingestions

212. Pediatric Swallowing, Laryngopharyngeal and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, and Aspiration

213. Pediatric Tracheotomy and Decannulation

214. Laryngotracheal Clefts