Colorectal Physiology

Han C. Kuijpers

1 Introduction. 2.1 Pelvic Floor Musculature. 2.2 Anatomy of the Rectum and Anus. 2.3 Composition of Resting Pressure. 2.4 Mechanisms of Continence and Defecation. 3.1 Epidemiology of Fecal Incontinence. 3.2 Effect of Aging on Anorectal Function. 3.3 Effects on Childbirth. 4.1 Congenital Etiology. 4.2 Pelvic Floor Denervation. 4.3 Obstetric Anal Sphincter Tear. 4.4 Iatrogenic Fecal Incontinence. 4.5 Trauma. Chapter 4.6 Radiation Injury. 4.7 Incontinence and Normal Sphincter Function. 5.0 Related Disorders. 6.1 Patient History. 6.2 Soiling. 7.0 Fecal Incontinence, Physical Examination. 8.1 Anal Manometry. 8.3 Anorectal Sensation. 8.4 The Role of Evacuation Proctography (Defecography) in the Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence. 8.5 Measurement of Rectal Compliance. 8.6 Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies of the Anal Sphincter. 9.1 Conservative Treatment of Fecal Incontinence. 9.2 Electrostimulation. 9.3 Biofeedback Treatment for Fecal Incontinence. 9.4 Anal Encirclement. 9.5 Anterior Sphincteroplasty for Fecal Incontinence. 9.6 Postanal Repair. 9.7 Physiological Evaluation of Outcome Following Postanal Surgery. 9.8 Effect of Rectopexy. 9.9 Treatments of Anorectal Malformations. 9.10 Other Muscle Problems. 9.11 Colostomy for Fecal Incontinence. 9.12 Sphincter Repair in Crohn’s Disease. 9.13 Neurostimulation. 9.14 The Dynamic Gracilis Procedure. 9.15 The Artificial Sphincter. 9.16 Internal Sphincter Substitutes. 9.17 Free Transplantation of Striated Muscle. Index.