Statistics in Nutrition and Dietetics

Dr Michael Nelson is Director of PHN Research Ltd, a consultancy that aims to foster better public health nutrition research. He is Emeritus Reader in Public Health Nutrition at King's College London, London, UK.

About the Author ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgements xv

About the Companion Website xvii

Part 1 Setting the Statistical Scene 1

Chapter 1 The Scientific Method 3

Chapter 2 Populations and Samples 31

Chapter 3 Principles of Measurement 71

Chapter 4 Probability and Types of Distribution 95

Chapter 5 Confidence Intervals and Significance Testing 115

Part 2 Statistical Tests 131

Chapter 6 Two Sample Comparisons for Normal Distributions: The t-test 135

Chapter 7 Nonparametric Two-Sample Tests 155

Chapter 8 Contingency Tables, Chi-Squared Test, and Fisher’s Exact Test 167

Chapter 9 McNemar’s Test 195

Chapter 10 Association: Correlation and Regression 205

Chapter 11 Analysis of Variance 227

Part 3 Doing Research 249

Chapter 12 Design, Sample Size, and Power 251

Chapter 13 Describing Statistical Models and Selecting Appropriate Tests 263

Chapter 14 Designing a Research Protocol 267

Chapter 15 Presenting Results to Different Audiences 283

Part 4 Solutions to Exercises 299

Appendix A1 Probabilities (P) of the Binomial Distribution for n, r, and p (Based on Sample Proportions) or π (Proportion in the Population) 323

Appendix A2 Areas in the Tail of the Normal Distribution 341

Appendix A3 Areas in the Tail of the t Distribution 343

Appendix A4 Wilcoxon U Statistic (Mann–Whitney Test) 345

Appendix A5 Wilcoxon T Statistic 347

Appendix A6 Sign Test Statistic R 349

Appendix A7 Percentages in the Tail of the Chi-Squared Distribution 351

Appendix A8 Quantiles of the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient 353

Appendix A9 Percentages in the Tail of the F Distribution 355

Appendix A10 Flow Chart for Selecting Statistical Tests 363

Index 365