Bandolier's Little Book of Pain

SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING EBM ; 1.1 Pain - there's a lot of it about ; 1.2 Measuring pain ; 1.3 Outcomes ; 1.4 Clinical trial methods ; 1.5 Systematic review and meta-analysis ; 1.6 Size ; 1.7 Outputs and utility ; 1.8 Adverse events ; 1.9 Placebo ; 1.10 Being sure of a result ; SECTION 2: ACUTE PAIN ; 2.1 Introduction ; 2.2 League table of analgesics in acute pain ; 2.3 Aspirin in postoperative pain ; 2.4 Ibuprofen in postoperative pain ; 2.5 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) in acute postoperative pain ; 2.6 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with codeine in acute postoperative pain ; 2.7 Diclofenac in postoperative pain ; 2.8 Injected morphine in postoperative pain ; 2.9 Dihydrocodeine in postoperative pain ; 2.10 Oral codeine in acute postoperative pain ; 2.11 Dextropropoxyphene alone and with paracetamol in postoperative pain ; 2.12 Intramuscular pethidine in postoperative pain ; 2.13 Naproxen in postoperative pain ; 2.14 Oral tramadol in postoperative pain ; 2.15 Paracetamol plus tramadol for acute pain ; 2.16 Oral rofexcoxib in postoperative pain ; 2.17 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in acute postoperative pain and labour pain ; 2.18 Topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in acute pain ; 2.19 Analgesics for dysmenorrhoea ; 2.20 Other acute pain interventions with evidence of efficacy ; 2.21 Other acute pain interventions without evidence of efficacy ; 2.22 Do NSAIDS inhibit bone healing? ; SECTION 3: MIGRAINE AND HEADACHE ; 3.1 Introduction ; 3.2 Diagnosing headache and migraine ; 3.3 Migraine: league tables of relative efficacy ; 3.4 Aspirin plus metoclopramide for acute migraine ; 3.5 Paracetamol for acute migraine ; 3.6 Ibuprofen for acute migraine ; 3.7 Sumatriptan for acute migraine ; 3.8 Oral naratriptan for acute migraine ; 3.9 Oral rizatriptan for acute migraine ; 3.10 Oral zolmitriptan for acute migraine ; 3.11 Oral eletriptan for acute migraine ; 3.12 Which migraine treatment strategy is most effective? ; 3.13 Prophylaxis for migraine ; SECTION 4: CHRONIC PAIN ; 4.1 Introduction ; 4.2 Antidepressants for diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia ; 4.3 Anticonvulsants for diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia ; 4.4 Topical capsaicin for pain relief ; 4.5 TENS for chronic pain ; 4.6 Fibromyalgia ; 4.7 Back Pain ; 4.8 Epidural corticosteroids for back pain ; 4.9 Steroid injections for shoulder and elbow disorders ; 4.10 Systemic local anaesthetic-type drugs in chronic pain ; 4.11 Cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain ; 4.12 Intravenous regional sympathetic blockade for reflex sympathetic dystrophy ; 4.13 Treatments for intermittent claudication ; 4.14 Cannabis for pain relief and for spasticity ; SECTION 5: ARTHRITIS ; 5.1 Arthritis and joints ; 5.2 Lifestyle and exercise ; 5.3 NSAIDs for treating Osteoarthritis ; 5.4 Topical applied NSAIDs for chronic pain ; 5.5 Coxibs for treating rheumatoid and osteoarthritis ; 5.6 Adverse effects of NSAIDs and coxibs ; 5.7 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for osteoarthritis ; 5.8 TNF antibodies and rheumatoid arthritis ; 5.9 Fish Oil for rheumatoid arthritis ; 5.10 Sulfasalazine for rheumatoid arthritis ; SECTION 6: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES ; 6.1 Complementary and alternative therapies ; 6.2 Supplements and herbal remedies ; 6.3 Acupuncture ; 6.4 Homeopathy ; 6.5 Other complementary or alternative therapies for pain ; SECTION 7: CANCER AND PALLIATIVE CARE ; 7.1 Cancer and palliative care ; 7.2 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cancer pain ; 7.3 Radiotherapy for painful bone metastases ; 7.4 Strontium 89 therapy for painful bony metastases ; 7.5 Intracerebroventricular opioid therapy compared with epidural and subarachnoid opioids for intractable cancer pain ; 7.6 Neurolytic coeliac plexus block (NCPB) for cancer pain ; 7.7 Nilutamide plus orchidectomy for metastatic prostatic cancer ; 7.8 Complementary therapy at the end of Life ; 7.9 Palliative care delivery system ; SECTION 8: MANAGEMENT ISSUES ; 8.1 Easy targets are not always the right ones ; 8.2 Better prescribing of NSAIDs ; 8.3 Quality improvement by audit: Pain relief after day surgery ; 8.4 Improving oral postoperative analgesia ; 8.5 Do-it-yourself pain control ; SECTION 9: APPENDICES ; 9.1 Glossary ; 9.2 Using the Oxman and Guyatt scoring system for reviews ; 9.3 Bandolier's 10 tips for healthy living ; 9.4 Cochrane Collaboration and Pain ; 9.5 Evidence based organisations, websites and resources