Pharmaceutical Photostability and Stabilization Technology

Joseph T. Piechocki, Karl Thoma

History of Pharmaceutical Photostability Development.  The ICH  Photostability Guideline: A Discussion of Experimental Conditions.  Terminology.  Basic Principles of Drug Photostability Testing.  Spectra.  Sources.  Glasses, Filters, and Containers.  Chemical Actinometry.  Radiometry/Photometry.  Sample Presentation for Photostability Studies: Problems and Solutions.  Determining the Kinetics and Mechanism of a Photochemical Reaction.  Unexpected Photochemistry in Pharmaceutical Products:  A Review on the Role of Diluents, Excipients, and Product Components in Promoting Pharmaceutical Photochemistry.  Chambers and Mapping.  Current Methods for the Analytical Investigation of the Photodegradation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Products.  Photostabilization by Packaging.  Photostabilization of Solid and Semisolid Dosage Forms.  Photostability Studies of Solutions and Methods of Preventing Photodegradation.  Photostability of Cosmetic Screens.  Photodegradation and Photoprotection in Clinical Practice.