Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy

Uri Elkayam, MD, Professor of Medicine, Obstetrics, and Gynecology and Director of Maternal Cardiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

About the Editor ix


List of Contributors x


Preface xiii


Acknowledgments xiv


Part I Physiologic Changes During Normal Pregnancy and the Puerperium 1

1 Hemodynamic and Cardiac Function 3
Ofer Havakuk and Uri Elkayam


Part II Cardiac Evaluation of the Pregnant Woman 17


2 Cardiovascular Evaluation During Pregnancy 19
Uri Elkayam


3 Cardiovascular Imaging in the Pregnant Patient 32
Patrick Colletti and Uri Elkayam


Part III Cardiac Disorders and Pregnancy 41


4 Risk Assessment Prior and During Pregnancy 43
Samuel C. Siu and Candice K. Silversides


5 Congenital Heart Disease and Pregnancy 60
Candice K. Silversides, Jack M. Colman, and Samuel C. Siu


6 Native Valvular Heart Disease and Pregnancy 75
Uri Elkayam


7 Pregnancy in the Patient with Prosthetic Heart Valves 90
Uri Elkayam


8 Myocarditis and Pregnancy 107
Avraham Shotan and Andrei Keren


9 Pericardial Disorders and Pregnancy 116
Marla A. Mendelson


10 Peripartum Cardiomyopathy 128
Sorel Goland and Uri Elkayam


11 Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Pregnancy 155
Kathleen Stergiopoulos and Fabio V. Lima


12 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Pregnancy 167
Iris M. van Hagen, Uri Elkayam, Sorel Goland, and Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink


13 Left Ventricular Noncompaction 181
Radha J. Sarma


14 Acute Myocardial Infarction and Pregnancy 201
Uri Elkayam and Ofer Havakuk


15 Cardiac Arrhythmias and Pregnancy 220
Danna Spears and Uri Elkayam


16 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Pregnancy 252
Dianne Zwicke, Sara Paulus, and Vinay Thohan


17 Infective Endocarditis 261
Ramin Ebrahimi, Michael Shenoda, Sheila Sahni, and David Fisk


Part IV Vascular Disease in Pregnancy 275


18 Vascular Dissections and Aneurysms During Pregnancy 277
Afshan B. Hameed


19 Marfan Syndrome and Pregnancy 285
Sorel Goland and Uri Elkayam


20 Non-Marfan Aortopathies and the Pregnant Patient 305
John Bois and Heidi Connolly


21 Takayasu's Arteritis and Pregnancy 319
Abha Khandelwal


22 Thromboembolic Disease in Pregnancy 326
Courtney C. Bilodeau and Karen Rosene-Montella


23 Amniotic Fluid Embolism and Pregnancy 334
Irene A. Stafford, Steven L. Clark, and Gary A. Dildy


24 Hypertension During Pregnancy 339
Chonyang L. Albert and Leslie Cho


25 Syncope in Pregnancy 349
Paul S. Gibson


Part V Cardiac Surgery and Catheter Based Interventions During Pregnancy 359


26 Cardiac Surgery During Pregnancy 361
Anita Nguyen and Hartzell V. Schaff


27 Catheter-Based Interventions in Women with Heart Disease During Pregnancy 370
Anil Mehra, Gassan Muadi, Pavan Reddy, and Uri Elkayam


28 Analgesia and Anesthesia During Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery 389
Katherine W. Arendt


29 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Pregnant Women 397
Joan Briller


30 Pregnancy After Cardiac Transplantation 419
Serban Constantinescu, Dawn P. Armenti, Lisa A. Coscia, Lynn R. Punnoose, John M. Davison, and Michael J. Moritz


Part VI Cardiovascular Drug Therapy During Pregnancy 433


31 Pharmacokinetics of Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation 435
Irving Steinberg


32 Cardiovascular Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation 456
Petronella G. Pieper, Uri Elkayam, Joy Eskandar, and Titia P.E. Ruys


33 Tocolytic Therapy in the Cardiac Patient 491
Joseph G. Ouzounian


34 Fertility Control in the Cardiac Patient 497
Joan Briller, Mark R. Johnson, and Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink


Part VII Labor and Delivery 513


35 Management of Labor and Delivery in a Cardiac Patient 515
Rohan D'Souza and Mathew Sermer


36 Cardiac Effects of Drugs Used for Induction of Labor and Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage 530
Mark R. Johnson


Index 537