Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals (eBook)

Bjørg Marit Andersen is Doctor in Medicine, Specialist in Medical Microbiology, Professor in Infection Control and Hygiene, and former head of Department of Hospital Infections, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevål,  with regional infection control responsibilities for Health Region East, and later the South-Eastern part of Norway. She is a lecturer in infection control, hygiene and medical microbiology for healthcare personnel at several universities and high schools in Norway. She has also been a lecturer in infectious diseases at Ullevål University Hospital, head of microbiological department at the University Hospital of North Norway in Tromsø and special adviser in communicable disease control for Army Medical. Bjørg Marit Andersen was a guest researcher at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CDC, in Atlanta, USA, and has also studied infection control at hospitals in the US by the Minnesota Department of Health. For several years she has been a member of SHEA Guidelines Committee working with supervisors regarding infection control. She has more than 350 publications within the field of medical microbiology/infectious diseases/hospital infection control, including more than 100 original works. In addition, she wrote several review articles, abstracts, books, and Handbooks in: Medical microbiology (last one in 2014), Infection control in LTCF (last one in 2013), and Infection Control in Hospitals (Norwegian edition in 2016). Bjørg Marit Andersen received the Norwegian Medical Society’ quality price in 2001. 

• Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI), registering and prevalence• Microbes and ways of transmission• Antimicrobials and resistance• Tracing and prevention of infections• Prevention of infections in Healthcare workers (HCW)o Use of uniformo Vaccination and Controlo HCW with infections/carrier state.o Pregnant HCW's o Tuberculosiso Exposure to blood/tissue by accident (HIV, Hepatitis etc)• Hand hygiene and the use of gloves• Protection of Airways• Isolation to protect against microbial transmissiono General informationo Contact isolationo Protection against transmission of bloodborne agentso Airborne infections- isolationo High-risk, strict isolationo Protective isolation• Care of patients; patient hygiene, mouth hygiene, treatment of wounds etc .• Protection against airborne infections; ventilator equipments: use, cleaning and disinfection; ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) etc.• Prevention of postoperative  wound infections• Surgical hand disinfection• Operation department- prevention of infections.• Treatment of operation wounds and drains• Peritoneal dialysis• Hemodialysis• Catheter-associated, bloodborne infections• Prevention of urinary tract infections• Protection of premature and newborne against infections• Intensive patient treatment - prevention of infections• Cystic fibrosis - infections and preventive measures• Important patient information before admission• Import infections, unknown infection – preventive measures• HCW exposed for infections• Preventing transmission  in healthcare institutions ofo MRSA – methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureuso VRE – vancomycin-resistant  enterococcio Multiple resistant Gramnegative rodso Gastrointestinal infectionso Clostridium difficileo Noro virus and other intestinal pathogenic viruso Prion diseaseo Tuberculosiso Scabies• Disinfection of instruments and equipment• Disinfection of endoscopes and other special equipment• Sterilization• Medicine room; hygiene and infection control• Cleaning of patient rooms and departments• Disinfection of rooms and areas• Textiles; wash, control, transport and store• Patient beds; wash, control, transport and store• Human-biological waste; treatment, storing cleaning, control• Ambulances in acute medicine and other transport of patients• Food and other nourishment; service, dishwashing and control of hygiene• Water and water systems in hospitals• Technical and medical-technical equipment – infection control• Laboratory medicine – infection control• Building, arrange and establish on wards/departments:o Kitchen on wardso Disinfection roomo Hospital departments/new hospitals• Intern hygiene control – check list• Dangerous microbes – preparedness in hospitalso Leadership/-groupo Scenerieso Capacity; isolates, equipment, HCW, specialists, use of PPE etco Communication, triage, patient logistico VHF- viral hemorrhagic fever and other serious illnesseso Preparedness for biological weaponso Dangerous infection combined with dangerous chemicals• Resources for infection control work in hospitals