Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology

Peter Hoeger is Head of the Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, and Professor of Pediatrics and Dermatology, University of Hamburg, Germany.

Veronica Kinsler is Consultant Paediatric Dermatologist and Academic Lead Clinician, Paediatric Dermatology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Associate Professor, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.

Albert C. Yan is Professor of Pediatrics and Dermatology and Chief of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

John Harper is Honorary Professor of Paediatric Dermatology, University College London, Institute of Child Health / Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.

Arnold P. Oranje was formerly Consultant in General and Pediatric Dermatology and Professor of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Christine Bodemer is Professor in Dermatology and Coordinator, French Centre for Genetic Skin Diseases, Centre de reference sur les Maladies G n tiques Expression Cutan e (MAGEC), H pital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.

Margarita Larralde is Tenured Professor of Dermatology at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and Director of the Carrera d de M dicos Specialists in Pediatric Dermatology at Ramos Mej a Hospital Headquarters, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

David Luk is Consultant Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong.

Vibhu Mendiratta is Professor of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, India.

Diana Purvis is Paediatric Dermatologist, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand.

Table of contents

Contributors

Preface to the fourth edition

Dedication Arnold Oranje

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Volume 1

Section 1 Development, Structure and Physiology of the Skin

1. Embryogenesis of the Skin
Lara Wine Lee & Karen A. Holbrook

2. Molecular Genetics in Paediatric Dermatology
Anna C. Thomas & Veronica A. Kinsler

3. Cutaneous Microbiome
Carrie C. Coughlin & William H. McCoy

4. Physiology of Neonatal Skin
Peter H. Hoeger

Section 2 Skin Disorders of the Neonate and Young Infant

1. Neonatal skin care
Peter H. Hoeger

2. Transient skin disorders
Margarita Larralde & Maria Eugenia Abad

3. Congenital and Acquired Infections in the Neonate
Scott H. James, Nico G. Hartwig, David W. Kimberlin and Peter H. Hoeger

4. Transplacentally acquired dermatoses
Paula Carolina Luna

5. Developmental anomalies
Henning Hamm & Marion Wobser

6. Differential Diagnosis of Neonatal Erythroderma
Hagen Ott & Peter H. Hoeger

7. Vesiculopustular, bullous and erosive diseases of the neonate
Anna Martinez & Caroline Mahon

8. Iatrogenic Disorders of the Newborn
Elia F. Maalouf & Wilson Lopez

Section 3 Atopic Dermatitis and Related Disorders

1. Epidemiology of Atopic Dermatitis
Carsten Flohr, Jonathan Silverberg, Joy Wan & Sinéad M. Langan

2. Genetics of Atopic Eczema
Elke Rodriguez & Stephan Weidinger

3. Clinical Features and Diagnostic Criteria of Atopic Dermatitis
Sinéad M. Langan & Hywel C. Williams

4. Severity Scoring and Quality of Life Assessment in Atopic Dermatitis
Christian Apfelbacher, Cecilia A.C. (Sanna) Prinsen, Daniel Heinl & Hywel C. Williams

5. Atopic dermatitis and related disorders: Special types of presentation
Nawaf Almutairi

6. Atopic dermatitis: Complications
Kevin B. Yarbrough & Eric L. Simpson

7. Management of Atopic Dermatitis
Lea Solman & Mary Glover

Section 4 Other Types of Dermatitis

1. Napkin dermatitis
Arnold P. Oranje, Ernesto Bonifazi, Paul J. Honig & Albert C. Yan

2. Adolescent Seborrheic Dermatitis
Roselyn Kellen, Nanette Silverberg

3. Irritant contact dermatitis
David Luk

4. Allergic contact dermatitis
Sharon E Jacob, Hannah Hill, & Alina Goldenberg

5. Hypereosinophilic disorders
Eirini E. Merika & Nerys Roberts

6. Juvenile plantar dermatosis
John C. Browning & Margaret Brown

7. Perioral dermatitis
Marius Rademaker

Section 5 Psoriasis

1. Psoriasis – Epidemiology
Matthias Augustin & Marc Alexander Radtke

2. Psoriasis: Aetiology and pathogenesis
Jonathan Barker

3. Psoriasis: Classification, Scores, Diagnosis
Nirav Patel & Megha Tollefson

4. Psoriasis: Clinical Features and Comorbidities
Derek H. Chu & Kelly M. Cordoro

5. Psoriasis: Management
Marieke M.B. Seyger

Section 6 Other papulosquamous disorders

1. Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Liat Samuelov & Eli Sprecher

2. Lichen Planus
Vibhu Mendiratta & Sarita Sanke

3. Lichen nitidus
Jasem M. Alshaiji

4. Lichen striatus
Franck Boralevi & Alain Taieb

5 Pityriasis rosea
Antonio A. T. Chuh & Vijay Zawar

Section 7 Bacterial skin Infections

1. Pyodermas and Bacterial Toxin-mediated Syndromes
James R. Treat, Christian R. Millett, Warren R. Heymann & Steven M. Manders

2. Cutaneous manifestations of Gram negative infections
Saul N. Faust, Diane Gbesemete & Robert S. Heyderman

3. Pitted keratolysis, erythrasma, erysipeloid
Zhe xu, Yuanyuan Xiao, Ying liu, Lin Ma

4. Lyme Borreliosis
Susan O’Connell

5. Bartonella infections
Sonia Kamath & Minnelly Luu

6. Mycobacterial Skin Infections
G Sethuraman, Tanvi Dev, and V Ramesh

7. Rickettsial disease
Arun C. Inamadar & Aparna Palit

8. Endemic Treponematoses: Yaws, Pinta and Endemic Syphilis
Herman Jan H. Engelkens

9. Tropical ulcer
Vibhu Mendiratta & Soumya Agarwal

Section 8 Fungal skin infections

1. Superficial fungal infections
Peter Mayser & Yvonne Gräser

2. Deep Fungal Infections
María Teresa García-Romero

Section 9 Viral skin infections and opportunistic infections

1. Molluscum contagiosum
Joachim J. Bugert, Ali Alikhan & Tor Shwayder

2. Human Papillomavirus Infection
Yun Tong, Stephen K. Tyring, Zsuzsanna Z. Szalai

3. Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Manuraj Singh, Helen M. Goodyear, Judith Breuer

4. Varicella-zoster virus infections
Manuraj Singh & Judith Breuer

5. Poxviruses
Sue Lewis-Jones & Jane Sterling

6. HIV and HTLV-1 Infection
Neil S. Prose, Ncoza C. Dlova, Rosalia A. Ballona & Coleen K. Cunningham

7. Viral exanthemas
Pamela Gangar, Jusleen Ahluwalia & Sheila Fallon Friedlander

8. Eruptive hypomelanosis
Vijay Zawar & Antonio A. T. Chuh

9. Cutaneous Infections in Immunocompromised Children
Miriam Weinstein, Hagen Ott & Peter H. Hoeger

Section 10 Parasitic skin infestations and sting reactions

1. Leishmaniasis
Bernardo Gontijo and Carolina Talhari

2. Helminthic infections
Hector Cáceres-Ríos & Felipe Velasquez

3. Scabies and Pseudoscabies
Wingfield E. Rehmus & Julie S. Prendiville

4. Pediculosis and Cimicosis
Sandipan Dhar & Sahana M. Srinivas

5. Noxious and venomous creatures
K L E Hon, TNH Leung & T F Leung

6. Aquatic dermatoses
Sarah Hill

Section 11 Urticaria, erythemas and drug reactions

1. Urticaria, erythemas and drug reactions
Bettina Wedi

2. Annular erythemas
Kimberly A. Horii

3. Giannotti-Crosti Syndrome
Carlo M. Gelmetti

4. Erythema Multiforme, Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Benjamin S Daniel, Lizbeth Ruth Wheeler & Dédée F. Murrell

5. Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs
Mohannad AbuHilal & Neil Shear

Section 12 Acne and acneiform disorders

1. Acne
Marissa J. Perman, Bodo C. Melnik, Anne W. Lucky

2. Rosacea
Clio Dessinioti & Andreas Katsambas

3. Hidradenitis suppurativa
P. Theut Riis & G.B.E. Jemec

Section 13 Nutritional disorders

1. Skin Manifestations of Nutritional Disorders
Carola Durán McKinster & Luz Orozco-Covarrubias

2. Skin Manifestations of Paediatric Metabolic Syndrome
Gregor Holzer & Beatrix Volc-Platzer

Section 14 Blistering disorders

1. Differential diagnosis of vesiculobullous lesions
Sharleen F. Hill and Dedee F. Murrell

2. Autoimmune bullous diseases
Nina van Beek & Enno Schmidt

3. Childhood Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Carmen Liy Wong & Irene Lara-Corrales

4. Epidermolysis bullosa and Kindler syndrome
Jemima E. Mellerio, Anna E. Martinez & Christina Has

Section 15 Photodermatoses, photoprotection and environmental skin disorders

1. The Idiopathic Photodermatoses and Skin Testing
Erhard Hölzle & Robert Dawe

2. The Porphyrias
Jorge Frank

3. Photoprotection
Lachlan Warren & Genevieve Casey

4. Skin Reactions to Plants, Cold, Heat, and Chemicals
Tuyet A. Nguyen, Christopher Lovell & Andrew C. Krakowski

Section 16 Granulomatous diseases

1. Sarcoidosis
Lisa M. Arkin, Julie L. Cantatore-Francis & Julie V. Schaffer

2. Granuloma annulare
Annalisa Patrizi & Iria Neri

3. Orofacial granulomatosis
Lisa Weibel & Martin Theiler

Section 17 Neutrophilic dermatoses

1. Sweet syndrome
Peter von den Driesch

2. Pyoderma gangrenosum
Karolina Gholam

Section 18 Lymphocytic disorders

1. Pityriasis lichenoides
Christine T. Lauren & Maria C. Garzon

2. Jessner Lymphocytic Infiltrate of the Skin
R.M. Ross Hearn

3. Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma
Rebecca Levy & Elena Pope

4. Childhood Leukaemias and Lymphomas
Keith Morley & Jennifer Huang

Section 19 Histiocytic disorders

1. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Sylvie Fraitag & Jean Donadieu

2. Juvenile Xanthogranuloma and other Non Langerhans Cell Histiocytoses
Gudrun Ratzinger & Bernhard W.H. Zelger

Section 20 Mastocytosis

1. Paediatric mastocytosis
Laura Polivka & Christine Bodemer

Section 21 Disorders of connective tissue

1 Ehlers-Danlos-Syndrome
Nigel P. Burrows

2 Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum and Cutis Laxa
Sean D Reynolds & Lionel Bercovitch

3 Buschke-Ollendorff-Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, Osteogenesis imperfect
Marc Lacour

4 Anetodermas and Atrophoderma
Marc Lacour

5 Hyalinoses, Stiff Skin Syndrome, Restrictive Dermopathy
David G. Paige

6 Striae in Children and Adolescents
Marcelo Ruvertoni

7 Morphoea (Localised Scleroderma)
Despina Eleftheriou & Lindsay Shaw

8 Systemic sclerosis in childhood
Christopher P. Denton & Carol M. Black

Section 22 Disorders of fat tissue

1. Lipoma and lipomatosis
Siriwan Wananukul & Susheera Chatproedprai

2. Panniculitis
Christine Bodemer

3. Lipodystrophies
Robert K. Semple

Section 23 Mosaic disorders, naevi and hamartomas

1. An introduction to Mosaicism
Veronica A. Kinsler

2. Melanocytic naevi
Veronica A. Kinsler

3. Epidermal naevi
Leopold M. Groesser & Christian Hafner

4. Other naevi and hamartomas
Jonathan A. Dyer

5. Proteus syndrome and other localised overgrowth disorders
Veronica A. Kinsler

6. Mosaic disorders of pigmentation
Veronica A. Kinsler

Section 24 Non-vascular skin tumours

1. Differential diagnosis of skin nodules and cysts
Susanne Abraham & Peter H. Hoeger

2. Adnexal disorders
Andrew Wang & Robert Sidbury

3. Calcification and Ossification in the Skin
Amanda T. Moon, Albert C. Yan, and Eulalia T. Baselga

4. Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia
Jasem M. Alshaiji

5. Fibromatoses
Jenna L. Streicher, Moise L. Levy, and Albert C. Yan

6. Carcinomas of the skin
Karen Agnew

7. Childhood Melanoma
Birgitta Schmidt & Elena B. Hawryluk

8. Other malignant skin tumours
Andrea Bettina Cervini, Marcela Bocian, María Marta Bujan & Paola Stefano

Section 25 Vascular tumours and malformations

1. Vascular malformations
Laurence M. Boon & Miikka Vikkula

2. Infantile haemangiomas
Anna L. Bruckner, Ilona J. Frieden & Julie Powell

3. Other vascular tumours
Ann M. Kulungowski, Taizo A. Nakano & Anna L. Bruckner

4. Disorders of lymphatics
Arin K. Greene & Jeremy A. Goss

Section 26 Disorders of Pigmentation

1. Inherited and Acquired Hyperpigmentation
Leslie Castelo-Soccio & Alexis Weymann Perlmutter

2. Vitiligo
Julien Seneschal, Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier & Alain Taïeb

3. Albinism
Fanny Morice-Picard & Alain Taïeb

4. Disorders of hypopigmentation
M.W. Bekkenk & A. Wolkerstorfer

5. Dyschromatosis
Eli Sprecher & Liat Samuelov

Section 27 Disorders of Keratin and Keratinization

1. Review of Keratin Disorders
Maurice A.M. van Steensel & Peter M. Steijlen

2. Mendelian Disorders of Cornification (MEDOC): the Keratodermas
Edel A. O’Toole

3. Mendelian Disorders of Cornification (MeDOC): The ichthyoses
Angela Hernandez, Robert Gruber, Vinzenz Oji

4. Keratosis pilaris and Darier´s Disease
Flora B. de Waard-van der Spek & Arnold. P Oranje

5. The Erythrokeratodermas
Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier, S Leclerc-Mercier & E Bourrat

6. Netherton Syndrome
Wei-Li Di & John Harper

7. Porokeratosis
Leslie Castelo-Soccio

Section 28 Focal or generalized hypoplasia, premature ageing

1. Ectodermal dysplasia
Cathal O’Connor, Yuka Asai & Alan D. Irvine

2. Focal dermal hypoplasia
Bret L. Bostwick, Ignatia B. Van den Veyver & V. Reid Sutton

3. Incontinentia pigmenti
Elizabeth A. Jones & Dian Donnai

4. Premature ageing syndromes
Helga V. Toriello & Caleb P. Bupp

Section 29 Genetic diseases predisposing to malignancy

1. Xeroderma pigmentosum and related diseases
Steffen Schubert & Steffen Emmert

2. Gorlin (Naevoid basal cell carcinoma) syndrome
Kai Ren Ong & Peter Farndon

3. Rothmund–Thomson Syndrome, Bloom Syndrome, Dyskeratosis Congenita, Fanconi Anaemia, Poikiloderma with Neutropenia
Lisa L. Wang & Moise L. Levy

4. Other Genetic Disorders Predisposing to Malignancy
Julie V. Schaffer

Section 30 Neurofibromatosis, RASopathies, and Hamartoma-overgrowth-syndromes

1. The Neurofibromatoses
Amy Theos, Kevin P. Boyd, and Bruce R. Korf

2. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Francis J. DiMario Jr.

3. Other RASopathies
Fanny Morice-Picard

Section 31 Vasculitic and Rheumatic Syndromes

1. Cutaneous vasculitis
Joyce C Chang & Pamela F. Weiss

2. Purpura fulminans
Saul N. Faust, Brian Eley, Michael Levin

3. Kawasaki disease
Wynnis L. Tom & Jane C. Burns

4. Polyarteritis Nodosa, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, and Microscopic Polyangiitis
Paul A. Brogan

5. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Elena Moraitis & Despina Eleftheriou

6. Behçet’s Disease and Relapsing Polychondritis
Sibel Ersoy-Evans, Ayşen Karaduman, Seza Özen

7. Erythromelalgia
Nedaa Skeik

Section 32 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Disease

1. Metabolic Disorders and the Skin
Fatma Al Jasmi & Hassan Galadari, Peter T. Clayton & Emma J. Footitt

2. Cystic Fibrosis
Roderic J Phillips

3. Cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disease
Devika Patel & Tor A. Shwayder

4. Autoinflammatory diseases and amyloidosis
Antonio Torrelo, Sergio Hernández-Ostiz & Teri A. Khan

5. Immunodeficiency syndromes
Julie V. Schaffer, Melanie Makhija & Amy S. Paller

6. Graft-Versus-Host Disease
John Harper & Paul Veys

Section 33 The oral cavity

1. The Oral Mucosa and Tongue
Jane Luker & Crispian Scully

Section 34 Hair, scalp and nail disorders

1. Hair Disorders
Elise A. Olsen & Matilde Iorizzo

2. Alopecia areata
Kirsten Foitzik-Lau

3. Nail disorders
Antonella Tosti & Bianca Maria Piraccini

Section 35 Anogenital disease in children

1. Genital disease in children
Gayle O. Fischer

2. Sexually transmitted diseases in children and adolescents
Arnold P. Oranje, Robert A.C. Bilo & Nico G. Hartwig

Section 36 Cutaneous Signs of Child Maltreatment and Sexual Abuse

1. Maltreatment, physical and sexual abuse
Bernhard Herrmann

Section 37 Psychological Aspects of Skin Disease in Children

1. Assessing and scoring Life Quality
Andrew Y Finlay

2. Coping with the burden of disease
Sarah L. Chamlin

3. Physiological Habits, Self-Mutilation and Factitious Disorders
Arnold P. Oranje, Jeroen Novak & Robert A.C. Bilo

Section 38 Principles of treatment in children

1. Topical therapy
Johannes Wohlrab

2. Systemic therapy in Pediatric Dermatology
Blanca Rosa Del Pozzo-Magana & Irene Lara-Corrales

3. New genetic approaches to treating diseases of the skin.
Stephen Hart & Amy Walker

4. Surgical therapy
Julianne A. Mann & Jane S. Bellet

5. Laser therapy
Samira Batul Syed, Maria Gnarra & Sean Lanigan

6. Sedation and anaesthesia
Brenda M. Simpson,Yuin-Chew Chan, & Lawrence F. Eichenfield

Section 39 Diagnostic procedures in dermatology

1. Approach to the pediatric patient
Diana Purvis

2. Dermoscopy of Melanocytic Lesions in the Paediatric Population
Maria L Marino, Jennifer L. DeFazio, Ralph P. Braun & Ashfaq A. Marghoob

3. The Role of Histopathology and Molecular Techniques in Pediatric Dermatology
Lori Prok & Adnan Mir

Section 40 Nursing care of cutaneous disorders in children

1. Nursing Care of the Skin in Children
Bisola Laguda, Hilary Kennedy, Jackie, Denyer, Heulwyn Wyatt, Jean Robinson & Kathryn Pett

Index