Oncologic Imaging: Soft Tissue Tumors

Heung Sik Kang, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea Sung Hwan Hong, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ja-Young Choi, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hye Jin Yoo, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Part 1. General considerations for diagnosis of soft tissue tumors.- 1. Epidemiology.- 1) Most common benign and malignant lesions by prevalence.- 2) Most common lesions by age.- 3) Most common lesions by location.- 2. Radiologic considerations.- 1) Imaging modalities.- 2) Benign vs. malignant.- 3) Compartment anatomy.- 4) Imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy.- 3. Histopathologic Evaluation.- 1) Common laboratory stains.- 2) Immunohistochemical marker.- 4. Grading and staging of sarcomas.- Part 2. WHO classification of soft tissue tumor and radiologic illustrations.- 1. Adipocytic tumors.- 2. Fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors.- 3. So-called fibrohistiocytic tumors.- 4. Smooth-muscle tumors.- 5. Pericytic (perivascular) tumors.- 6. Skeletal-muscle tumors.- 7. Vascular tumors.- 8. Chondro-osseous tumors.- 9. Nerve sheath tumors.- 10. Tumors of uncertain differentiation.- 11. Undifferentiated/unclassified sarcomas.- 12. Addendum: tumor-like lesions.- Part 3. Practical pearls in diagnosisof soft tissue tumors.- 1. Sonographic findings.- 2. MRI characteristics.- 1) T2 bright signal.- 2) T2 dark signal.- 3) T1 high signal.- 4) Contrast enhancement pattern.- 3. Ancillary imaging findings.- 1) Signal voids.- 2) Edema.- 3) Fat.- 4) Nerve.- 5) Periosteal reaction.- 6) Tumoral mineralization.- 4. Diagnostic signs.- 1) Checker-board pattern in proliferative myositis.- 2) Three stripe sign in sarcoidosis.- 3) Triple signal pattern in synovial sarcoma.- 4) Target sign in neurogenic tumor.- 5) Cable-like appearance in lipomatosis of nerve.- 5. “Leave me alone” lesions.- 6. Syndrome-related or hereditary soft tissue tumors.- Part 4. Drill and practice: image interpretation session.