Manual of Vascular Access, Organ Donation, and Transplantation

I Access for Dialysis.- 1 General Principles of Access Surgery.- Preoperative Assessment.- General Operative Strategies in Access Construction.- A Practical Guide to Access Selection for the Individual Patient.- References.- 2 Venous Access for Short-Term Hemodialysis: Percutaneous Femoral Vein Cannulation.- Technique of Percutaneous Femoral Vein Cannulation.- Postdialysis Care.- Complications of Percutaneous Femoral Vein Cannulation.- References.- 3 Venous Access for Short-Term Hemodialysis: Percutaneous Subclavian Vein Cannulation.- Principles of Subclavian Vein Cannulation.- Equipment for Subclavian Puncture and Subclavian Vein Cannulation.- Technique.- Postoperative Catheter Care.- References.- 4 Venous Access for Hemodialysis in Children: Right Atrial Cannulation.- Principles of Right Atrial Cannulation in Children.- Equipment for Silastic Right Atrial Cannulation in Children.- Techniques.- Postoperative Care.- References.- 5 Arteriovenous Communication: External Shunts.- Principles of Shunt Placement.- Equipment for External Arteriovenous Shunts.- Techniques.- Postoperative Care.- References.- 6 Arteriovenous Communication: Internal Fistulas.- General Technical Considerations.- Equipment for A-V Fistula or Shunt Construction.- Technique for Radial-Cephalic Fistula.- Alternative Sites for an A-V Fistula.- Alternatives in Construction of Internal A-V Fistulas.- Conversion of a Shunt into an A-V Fistula.- Combined A-V Fistula with Hemasite (TM) Device.- Postoperative Care After A-V Fistula Construction.- References.- 7 Arteriovenous Communication: Bridge Grafts.- Choice of Materials for the Bridge Graft.- Technical Consideration in the Construction of A-V Bridge Grafts.- Technique of Loop Forearm Graft.- Postoperative Care.- Alternative Bridge Grafts.- References.- 8 Complications of Vascular Access.- Hemorrhage.- Occlusion and Threatened Occlusion (Poor Access Function).- Infection.- Aneurysm and Pseudoaneurysm.- Hemodynamic Complications.- Neuropathy.- References.- 9 Peritoneal Dialysis.- History.- Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis.- Types of Peritoneal Access Devices.- Technique of Placement of Peritoneal Catheter.- Complications of Peritoneal Catheter Insertion.- References.- II Organ Donation.- 10 Multiple Organ Donation from a Cadaver.- General Aspects of Cadaver Donation.- Logistics of Cadaver Organ Donation.- Guidelines for Determination of Death.- Problems of Histocompatibility Between Cadaver and Donor Recipient.- Evaluating the Potential Function of Organs from Single Donors.- Maintenance of the Donor Prior to Organ Donation.- Surgical Strategy for Multiple Organ Donation.- Removal of Lymph Nodes for Tissue Typing and Crossmatching.- Technique of Multiorgan Donation: The Heart, Liver, Kidneys, Tail-of-Pancreas.- Use of Extracorporeal Circulation for Multiorgan Donation.- References.- 11 Whole Pancreas Donation from a Cadaver.- Selection of Cadaver Pancreas Donor.- Management of the Donor.- Intraoperative Strategy.- Operative Technique.- 12 Distal Pancreas Donation from a Living Relative.- Rationale for Living Related Versus Cadaveric Pancreas Donors.- Preoperative Evaluation of the Pancreas Donor.- Preoperative Care of the Donor.- Operative Care of the Donor.- Removal of Distal Pancreas from a Related Volunteer: Technique.- Postoperative Care of the Donor.- Complications.- References.- 13 Volunteer Kidney Donation from a Living Relative.- Ethical Problems.- Donor-Specific Transfusion.- Strategy of Organ Retrieval from a Related Living Donor.- Technique of Living Related Donor Nephrectomy.- Postoperative Management.- References.- Organ Preservation, Transportation, and Sharing.- Kidney Preservation Techniques.- Removing the Kidney from Perfusion.- Donor Information and Organ Preservation Sheet.- Surgical Manipulation of the Kidney During Perfusion or Prior to Cold Storage.- Organ Sharing.- Preservation Techniques in Other Organs (Pancreas, Liver, and Heart).- References.- III Organ Transplantation.- 15 Heart Transplantation.- Evaluation of Recipient.- Immediate Pretransplant Procedures.- Technique of Cardiac Transplantation.- Posttransplant Management.- Complications of Cardiac Transplantation.- Results of Cardiac Transplantation.- References.- 16 Anesthetic Management During Cardiac Transplantation.- Principles of Anesthesia Management in Cardiac Transplantation.- Anesthetic Techniques.- Termination of Extracorporeal Support.- References.- 17 Pancreas Transplantation.- Indications for Pancreatic Transplantation.- History and Types of Pancreatic Grafting.- General Strategy of Pancreatic Transplantation.- Preoperative Preparation.- Technique of Pancreatic Transplantation.- Postoperative Management.- Results.- References.- 18 Host Hepatectomy and Liver Transplantation.- History.- Recipient Selection.- Preoperative Evaluation of the Recipient.- Preoperative Management.- Anesthesia.- Technique of Liver Transplantation.- Immunosuppression and Postoperative Management.- Postoperative Complications in the Liver Transplant Recipient.- Home Care.- Results According to Type of Immunosuppression Used.- References.- 19 Anesthetic Management During Liver Transplantation.- Preoperative Assessment and Preparation.- Intraoperative Management During Liver Transplantation.- References.- 20 Kidney Transplantation.- Recipient Selection and Indications for Transplantation.- Preparation for Hemodialysis and Transplantation.- Anesthesia in the Anephric Patient.- Technique of Kidney Transplantation in the Adult.- Routine Posttransplant Care.- Routine Posttransplant Laboratory Determinations.- Complications of Renal Transplantation.- Kidney Transplantation in Infants and Small Children.- References.- 21 Transplant Nephrectomy.- Operative Strategy.- Reference.