Evidence-based Gastroenterology and Hepatology

John W.D. McDonald, Professor of Medicine, Robarts Clinical Trials, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Brian G. Feagan, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Unit, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Rajiv Jalan, Professor of Hepatology and Head, Liver Failure Group, University College London, London, UK.

Peter J. Kahrilas, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.

Contributors xi


Preface xix


Part I Gastrointestinal disorders


1 Gastroesophageal reflux disease 3
Sabine Roman and Peter J. Kahrilas


2 Barrett's esophagus 21
Anh D. Nguyen, Stuart J. Spechler, and Kerry B. Dunbar


3 Esophageal motility disorders 35
Gabriel Lang, C. Prakash Gyawali, and Peter J. Kahrilas


4 Eosinophilic esophagitis 50
Craig C. Reed and Evan S. Dellon


5 Ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: current treatment 68
Naoki Chiba


6 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-gastropathy and enteropathy 86
Moe H. Kyaw, Alaa Rostom, Katherine Muir, Catherine Dube, Emilie Jolicoeur, Michel Boucher, Peter Tugwell, George Wells, and Francis K.L. Chan


7 Acute non-variceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage: treatment 110
Kathryn Oakland and Vipul Jairath


8 Functional dyspepsia 127
Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten


9 Celiac disease: diagnosis, screening, and prognosis 139
Adam S. Faye and Benjamin Lebwohl


10 Therapy for Crohn's disease 150
Reena Khanna, Barrett G. Levesque, John W.D. McDonald, and Brian G. Feagan


11 Ulcerative colitis 173
Vipul Jairath, John W.D. McDonald, and Brian G. Feagan


12 Pouchitis after restorative proctocolectomy 187
Mathurin Fumery, Siddharth Singh, Darrell S. Pardi, and William J. Sandborn


13 Microscopic colitis: collagenous and lymphocytic colitis 196
Johan Bohr, Fernando Fernandez-Banares, and Ole K. Bonderup


14 Drug-induced diarrhea 208
Bincy P. Abraham, and Joseph H. Sellin


15 Prevention and treatment of travelers' diarrhea 225
David R. Tribble


16 Metabolic bone disease in gastrointestinal disorders 240
Herman Bami, Arthur N. Lau, and Jonathan D. Adachi


17 Colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: surveillance 258
Paul Collins, Bret A. Lashner, and Alastair J.M. Watson


18 Colorectal cancer: population screening and surveillance 271
Catherine Dube and Linda Rabeneck


19 Clostridium difficile infections: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment 284
Lynne V. McFarland, Christina M. Surawicz, and Stephen M. Vindigni


20 Irritable bowel syndrome 306
Alexander C. Ford


21 Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) 332
Meihuan Chang and Alexander G. Heriot


22 Gallstone disease 342
Kurinchi S. Gurusamy and Brian R. Davidson


23 Acute pancreatitis 353
Kurinchi S. Gurusamy and Brian R. Davidson


Part II Liver disease


24 Acute-on-chronic liver failure: diagnosis prognosis and treatment 363
Jane Macnaughtan


25 Acute liver failure: prognosis and management 374
Jennifer Price, Brian J. Hogan, and Banwari Agarwal


26 Infection in cirrhosis 384
Elisa Brauns and Thierry Gustot


27 Liver biopsy 395
Benjamin H. Mullish, Naveenta Kumar, Robert D. Goldin, and Pinelopi Manousou


28 Pregnancy and liver disease 408
J.J. King and R.H. Westbrook


29 Cholangiocarcinoma 425
Peter L. Labib, Giuseppe K. Fusai, and Stephen P. Pereira


30 Noninvasive tests of liver fibrosis 445
Laurent Castera


31 Hepatitis C: treatment 454
Mary D. Cannon Kosh Agarwal and Geoffrey Dusheiko


32 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: in special situations 470
Eleni Koukoulioti and Thomas Berg


33 Hepatitis B: prognosis and treatment 490
Apostolos Koffas, Upkar Gill, and Patrick Kennedy


34 Alcoholic liver disease 503
Meritxell Ventura-Cots, Nambi Ndugga, and Ramon Bataller


35 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 523
Marie Boyle and Quentin M. Anstee


36 Hemochromatosis 547
Gary P. Jeffrey and Paul C. Adams


37 Wilson's disease 554
Claire Kelly, Aftab Ala, and Michael L. Schilsky


38 Primary biliary cholangitis (formerly primary biliary cirrhosis) 574
Palak J. Trivedi and Gideon M. Hirschfield


39 Autoimmune hepatitis 592
Martha M. Kirstein, Arndt Vogel, and Michael P. Manns


40 Primary sclerosing cholangitis 602
Mette Vesterhus and Tom H. Karlsen


41 Variceal bleeding 619
Damien Leith and Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee


42 Hepatic venous outflow syndromes and splanchnic venous thrombosis 645
Laure Elkrief and Dominique Valla


43 Ascites hyponatremia spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome 662
Salvatore Piano, Marta Tonon, and Paolo Angeli


44 Hepatic encephalopathy: classification diagnosis and treatment 676
Radha K. Dhiman and Sahaj Rathi


45 Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis and prognosis 693
Massimo Colombo and Massimo Iavarone


46 Hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment 703
Alexa Childs and Tim Meyer


47 Drug-induced liver disease: mechanism and diagnosis 715
Camilla Stephens, M. Isabel Lucena and Raul J. Andrade


48 Liver transplantation: prevention and treatment of rejection 729
Francois Durand and Claire Francoz


49 Liver transplantation: prevention and treatment of infection 744
Marta Bodro, Javier Fernandez, and Asuncion Moreno


50 Management of HCV infection after liver transplantation 753
Audrey Coilly, Bruno Roche, and Didier Samuel


Index 765