Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 2-Volume Set

Robert M. Kliegman, MD, Professor and Chair Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Joseph St. Geme, MD, Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Physician-in-Chief, Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Endowed Chair in Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Overview of Pediatrics
Child Health Disparities
Racism
Global Health
Quality and Value in Healthcare for Children
Safety in Healthcare for Children
Ethics in Pediatric Care
Pediatric Palliative Care
Domestic and International Adoption
Foster and Kinship Care
Medical Evaluation of the Foreign-Born Child
Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care
Maximizing Children's Health: Screening, Anticipatory Guidance, and Counseling
Injury Control
Impact of Violence on Children
Bullying, Cyberbullying, and School Violence
Media Violence
Effects of War on Children
Child Trafficking
Abused and Neglected Children
Sexual Abuse
Medical Child Abuse (Factitious Disorder by Proxy, Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy)
Strategies for Health Behavior Change
Developmental and Behavioral Theories
Positive Parenting and Support
Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development
The Newborn
The First Year
Infant Crying and Colic
The Second Year
The Preschool Years
Middle Childhood
Adolescence
Assessment of Growth
Developmental and Behavioral Screening and Surveillance
Childcare
Loss, Separation, and Bereavement
Sleep Medicine
Psychosocial Assessment and Interviewing
Psychopharmacology
Psychotherapy and Psychiatric Hospitalization
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Rumination and Pica
Rumination Disorder
Pica
Motor Disorders and Habits
Tic Disorders
Stereotypic Movement Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Major and Other Depressive Disorders
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Suicide and Attempted Suicide
Eating Disorders
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
Tantrums and Breath-holding spells
Lying, Stealing and Truancy
Aggression
Self-injurious behavior
Childhood Psychoses
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Psychosis Associated with Epilepsy
Catatonia in Children and Adolescents
Acute Phobic Hallucinations of Childhood
Neurodevelopmental and Executive Function and Dysfunction
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Dyslexia
Math and Writing Disabilities
Math Disabilities
Writing Disabilities
Language Development and Communication Disorders
Child-Onset Fluency Disorder
Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability
Intellectual Disability with Regression
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nutritional Requirements
Feeding Healthy Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Nutrition, Food Security, and Health
Refeeding Syndrome
Failure to Thrive
Overweight and Obesity
Rapid-Onset Obesity with Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation and Autonomic Dysregulation (ROHHAD)
Vitamin A Deficiencies and Excess
Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies and Excess
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Biotin
Folate
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets) and Excess
Vitamin E Deficiency
Vitamin K Deficiency
Micronutrient Mineral Deficiencies
Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders
Composition of Body Fluids
Regulation of Osmolality and Volume
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Acid-Base Balance
Maintenance and Replacement Therapy
Deficit Therapy
Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders
Pediatric Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Pharmacoproteomics
Principles of Drug Therapy
Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
Sedation and Procedural Pain
Pediatric Pain Management
Poisoning
Complementary Therapies, and Integrative Medicine
Emergency Medical Services for Children
Interfacility Transport of the Seriously Ill or Injured Pediatric Patient
Outcomes and Risk-Adjustment
Principles Applicable to the Developing World
Triage of the Acutely Ill Child
Resuscitation
Acute Care of the Victim of Multiple Trauma
Spinal Cord Injuries in Children
Care of Abrasions and Minor Lacerations
Neurologic Emergencies and Stabilization
Brain Death
Syncope
POTS
Shock
Respiratory Distress and Failure
Mechanical Ventilation
Long-term Mechanical Ventilation
Altitude-associated Illness in Children (Acute Mountain Sickness)
Drowning and Submersion Injury
Burn injuries
Cold Injuries
Integration of Genetics into Pediatric Practice
Genetic Counseling
Management and Treatment of Genetic Disorders
The Genetic Approach in Pediatric Medicine
The Human Genome
Patterns of Genetic Transmission
Cytogenetics
Methods of Chromosome Analysis
Down Syndrome and Other Abnormalities of Chromosome Number
Abnormalities of Chromosome Structure
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy
Fragile Chromosome Sites
Mosaicism
Chromosome Instability Syndromes
Uniparental Disomy and Imprinting
Genetics of Common Disorders
Major Genetic Approaches to the Study of Common Pediatric Disorders
Epigenome-Wide Association Studies and Disease
Genetic Approaches to Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases
An Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Defects in Metabolism of Amino Acids
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Methionine
Cysteine/Cystine
Tryptophan
Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, and Related Organic Acidemias
Glycine
Serine
Proline
Glutamic Acid
Genetic Disorders of Neurotransmitters
Urea Cycle and Hyperammonemia (Arginine, Citrulline, Ornithine)
Histidine
Lysine
N-Acetylaspartic Acid (Canavan Disease)
Defects in Metabolism of Lipids
Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ss-Oxidation
Disorders of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids
Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Transport
Lipidoses (Lysosomal Storage Disorders)
Mucolipidoses
Defects in Metabolism of Carbohydrates
Glycogen Storage Diseases
Defects in Galactose Metabolism
Defects in Fructose Metabolism
Defects in Intermediary Carbohydrate Metabolism Associated with Lactic Acidosis
Defects in Pentose Metabolism
Disorders of Glycoprotein Degradation
Congenital Disorders of Glycosolation
Approach to Mitochondrial Disorders
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
The Porphyrias
Hypoglycemia
Overview of Mortality and Morbidity
The Newborn Infant
History in Neonatal Pediatrics
Physical Examination of the Newborn Infant
Routine Newborn Care
Circumcision
Parent-Infant Bonding
High-Risk Pregnancies
The Fetus
Fetal Growth and Maturity
Fetal Distress
Maternal Disease and the Fetus
Maternal Medication and Toxin Exposure and the Fetus
Teratogens
Radiation
Intrauterine Diagnosis of Fetal Disease
Treatment and Prevention of Fetal Disease
Fetal Intervention and Surgery
The High-Risk Infant
Multiple Gestation Pregnancies
Extreme and Very Preterm Infants
Moderate and Late Pre-Term Infants
Term and Post-Term Infants
Follow-up of High-Risk Infants after Discharge
Infant Transport
Clinical Manifestations of Diseases in the Newborn Period
Hyperthermia
Neontal Cold Injury
Edema
Hypocalcemia (Tetany)
Hypermanganazemia
Nervous System Disorders
The Cranium
Traumatic, Epidural, Subdural, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Intracranial-Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Periventricular Leukomalacia
Hypoxia-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Spine and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Neonatal Resuscitation and Delivery Room Emergencies
Respiratory Tract Disorders
Transition to Pulmonary Respiration
Apnea
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline Membrane Disease)
BPD
PDA
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Aspiration of Foreign Material (Fetal Aspiration Syndrome, Aspiration Pneumonia)
Meconium Aspiration
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (Persistent Fetal Circulation)
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Foramen of Morgagni Hernia
Paraesophageal Hernia
Eventration
Extrapulmonary Air Leaks (Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema, Pneumopericardium)
Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Digestive System Disorders
Meconium Ileus, Peritonitis, and Intestinal Obstruction
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn
Kernicterus
Blood Disorders
Anemia in the Newborn Infant
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis Fetalis)
Plethora in the Newborn Infant (Polycythemia)
Hemorrhage in the Newborn Infant
The Umbilicus
Abstinence Syndromes
Neonatal Abstinence (Withdrawal)
Maternal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Neonatal Behavioral Syndromes
Fetal Alcohol Exposure
The Endocrine System
Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Dysmorphology
Epidemiology of Infections
Healthcare?Associated Infections (HAI)
Congenital Infections
Adolescent Physical and Social Development
Gender and Sexual Identity
Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Adolescents
Transgender Care
The Epidemiology of Adolescent Health Problems
Delivery of Health Care to Adolescents
Legal Issues
Screening Procedures
Transitioning to Adult Care
Violent Behavior
Substance Abuse
Alcohol
Tobacco and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Marijuana
Inhalants
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Stimulant Abuse and Diversion
Opiates
Bath salts and other drugs of abuse
The Breast
Menstrual Problems
Amenorrhea
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Dysmenorrhea
Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Contraception
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)
Other Progestin-only Methods
Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
Emergency Contraception (EC)
Dual Protection
Other Barrier Methods
Other Methods
Adolescent Pregnancy
Adolescent Sexual Assault
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chronic Overlapping Pain Syndromes
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease
Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
Lymphocyte Development and Function
Primary Defects of Antibody Production
Treatment of B-Cell Defects
Primary Defects of Cellular Immunity
Immune Deficiencies Affecting Multiple Cell Types
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Combined Immunodeficiency
Defects of Innate Immunity
Treatment of Cellular or Combined Immunodeficiency
Immune Dysregulation with Autoimmunity or Lymphoproliferation
Neutrophils
Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
Eosinophils
Disorders of Phagocyte Function
Leukopenia
Leukocytosis
The Complement System
Disorders of the Complement System
Evaluation of the Complement System
Genetic Deficiencies of Complement Components
Deficiencies of Plasma, Membrane, or Serosal Complement Control Proteins
Secondary Disorders of Complement
Treatment of Complement Disorders
Principles and Clinical Indications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from Alternative Sources and Donors
Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Rejection, and Veno-occlusive Disease
Infectious Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Late Effects of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of Atopic Disease
Diagnosis of Allergic Disease
Allergic Rhinitis
Childhood Asthma
Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
Insect Allergy
Ocular Allergies
Urticaria (Hives) and Angioedema
Anaphylaxis
Serum Sickness
Food Allergy and Adverse Reactions to Foods
Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Evaluation of Suspected Rheumatic Disease
Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other Spondyloarthritides
Reactive and Post-Infectious Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Neonatal Lupus
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Scleroderma and Raynaud Phenomenon
Behcet Disease
Sjoegren Syndrome
The Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes and Other Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Kawasaki Disease
Vasculitis Syndromes
Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura
Takayasu Arteritis
Polyarteritis Nodosa and Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa
ANCA-associated vasculitis
Other Vasculitic Syndromes
Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
Growing Pains
Small Fiber Polyneuropathy
Fibromyalgia
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Erythromelalgia
Miscellaneous Conditions Associated With Arthritis
Diagnostic Microbiology
The Microbiome and Pediatric Health
Immunization Practices
International Immunization Practices
Infection Prevention and Control
Childcare and Communicable Diseases
Health Advice for Children Traveling Internationally
Fever
Fever Without a Focus in the Neonate (0-2 mos)
Fever in the Older Child
Fever of Unknown Origin
Infections in Immunocompromised Persons
Infections Occurring with Primary Immunodeficiencies
Infections Occuring with Acquired Immunodeficiencies
Prevention of Infection in Immunocompromised Persons
Infection Associated with Medical Devices
Principles of Antibacterial Therapy
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
Group A Streptococcus
Rheumatic Fever
Group B Streptococcus
Non-Group A or B Streptococci
Enterococcus
Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
Listeria monocytogenes
Actinomyces
Nocardia
Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
Kingella kingae
Haemophilus influenzae
Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Moraxella catarrhalis
Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis)
Salmonella
Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis
Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever)
Shigella
Escherichia coli
Cholera
Campylobacter
Yersinia
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Aeromonas and Plesiomonas
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas
Pseudomonas
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex
Stenotrophomonas
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Brucella
Legionella
Bartonella
Cat Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)
Bartonellosis (Bartonella bacilliformis)
Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)
Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacillary Peliosis Hepatis (Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana)
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
Clostridium difficile Infection
Other Anaerobic Infections
Principles of Antimycobacterial Therapy
Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium leprae)
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
Nonvenereal Treponemal Infections
Yaws (Treponema pertenue)
Bejel (Endemic Syphilis: Treponema pallidum endemicum)
Pinta (Treponema carateum)
Leptospira
Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)
Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum)
Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Trachoma
Genital Tract Infections
Conjunctivitis and Pneumonia in Newborns
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)
Mediterranean Spotted Fever or Boutonneuse Fever (Rickettsia conorii)
Rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari)
Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)
Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Murine (endemic or flea-borne) Typhus (Rickettsia typhi)
Epidemic (louse-borne) Typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii)
Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
Principles of Antifungal Therapy
Candida
Neonatal Infections
Infections in Immunocompetent Children and Adolescents
Infections in Immunocompromised Children and Adolescents
Cryptococcus neoformans
Malassezia
Aspergillus
Allergic Disease (Hypersensitivity Syndromes)
Saprophytic (Noninvasive) Syndromes
Invasive Disease
Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)
Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis)
Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)
Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis)
Pneumocystis Jirovecii
Principles of Antiviral Therapy
Measles
Rubella
Mumps
Polioviruses
Nonpolio Enteroviruses
Parvoviruses
Herpes Simplex Virus
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections
Epstein-Barr Virus
Cytomegalovirus
Roseola (Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7)
Human Herpesvirus 8
Influenza Viruses
Parainfluenza Viruses
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Human Metapneumovirus
Adenoviruses
Rhinoviruses
Coronaviruses
Rotaviruses, Calicivirus, and Astrovirus
Human Papillomaviruses
Arboviral Infections
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Western Equine Encephalitis
St. Louis Encephalitis
West Nile Encephalitis
Powassan Encephalitis
LaCrosse and California Encephalitis
Colorado Tick Fever
Chikungunya Fever
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis
Japanese Encephalitis
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Zika Virus
Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Yellow Fever
Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Rabies
Polyomaviruses
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (1 and 2)
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Principles of Antiparasitic Therapy
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
Amebiasis
Giardiasis and Balantidiasis
Giardia lamblia
Balantidiasis
Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Cyclospora, and Microsporidia
Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
Leishmaniasis (Leishmania)
African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma brucei complex)
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi)
Malaria (Plasmodium)
Babesiosis (Babesia)
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)
Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma spp.)
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichuria)
Enterobiasis (Enterobius vermicularis)
Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis)
Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti)
Other Tissue Nematodes
Toxocariasis (Visceral and Ocular Larva Migrans)
Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis)
Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)
Flukes (Liver, Lung, and Intestinal)
Adult Tapeworm Infections
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis)
Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena
Major Symptoms and Signs of Digestive Tract Disorders
Development and Developmental Anomalies of the Teeth
Disorders of the Oral Cavity Associated with Other Conditions
Malocclusion
Cleft Lip and Palate
Syndromes with Oral Manifestations
Dental Caries
Periodontal Diseases
Dental Trauma
Common Lesions of the Oral Soft Tissues
Diseases of the Salivary Glands and Jaws
Diagnostic Radiology in Dental Assessment
Embryology, Anatomy, and Function of the Esophagus
Common Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Aids
Congenital Anomalies
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Laryngotracheoesophageal Clefts
Obstructing and Motility Disorders of the Esophagus
Dysmotility
Hiatal Hernia
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Complications of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Non-GERD Esophagitis
Esophageal Perforation
Esophageal Varices
Ingestions
Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus
Caustic Ingestions
Normal Development, Structure, and Function
Pyloric Stenosis and Other Congenital Anomalies of the Stomach
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Gastric Duplication
Gastric Volvulus
Hypertrophic Gastropathy
Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and Malrotation
Duodenal Obstruction
Jejunal and Ileal Atresia and Obstruction
Malrotation
Intestinal Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct
Intestinal Duplication
Meckel Diverticulum and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct
Motility Disorders and Hirschsprung Disease
Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy
Encopresis and Functional Constipation
Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)
Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (Wilkie Syndrome, Cast Syndrome, Arteriomesenteric Duodenal Compression Syndrome)
Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and Closed-Loop Obstructions
Ileus
Adhesions
Intussusception
Closed-Loop Obstructions
Foreign Bodies and Bezoars
Foreign Bodies in the Stomach and Intestine
Bezoars
Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Crohn Disease (Regional Enteritis, Regional lleitis, Granulomatous Colitis)
Very Early Onset IBD
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Disorders of Malabsorption
Evaluation of Children with Suspected Intestinal Malabsorption
Celiac Disease (Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy)
Other Malabsorptive Syndromes
Intestinal Infections and Infestations Associated with Malabsorption
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease
Short Bowel Syndrome
Chronic Malnutrition
Enzyme Deficiencies
Liver and Biliary Disorders Causing Malabsorption
Rare Inborn Defects Causing Malabsorption
Malabsorption in Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Malabsorption in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Intestinal Transplantation in Children with Intestinal Failure
Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
Traveler's Diarrhea
Chronic Diarrhea
Diarrhea from Neuroendocrine Tumors
Functional Abdominal pain (Nonorganic Chronic Abdominal pain)
Cyclic vomiting and abdominal migraine
Acute Appendicitis
Surgical Conditions of the Anus and Rectum
Anorectal Malformations
Anal Fissure
Perianal Abscess and Fistula
Hemorrhoids
Rectal Mucosal Prolapse
Pilonidal Sinus and Abscess
Tumors of the Digestive Tract
Inguinal Hernias
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology
Anatomic Abnormalities
Physiology
Pancreatic Function Tests
Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas
Treatment of Pancreatic Insufficiency
Pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis
Pseudocyst of the Pancreas
Pancreatic Tumors
Morphogenesis of the Liver and Biliary System
Manifestations of Liver Disease
Evaluation of Patients with Possible Liver Dysfunction
Cholestasis
Neonatal Cholestasis
Cholestasis in the Older Child
Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
Inherited Deficient Conjugation of Bilirubin (Familial Nonhemolytic Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)
Wilson Disease
Indian Childhood Cirrhosis
Neonatal Iron Storage Disease
Miscellaneous Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
Viral Hepatitis
Liver Abscess
Liver Disease Associated with Systemic Disorders
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Cystic Diseases of the Biliary Tract and Liver
Diseases of the Gallbladder
Portal Hypertension and Varices
Liver Transplantation
Malformations
Ascites
Chylous Ascites
Peritonitis
Acute Primary Peritonitis
Acute Secondary Peritonitis
Acute Secondary Localized Peritonitis (Peritoneal Abscess)
Epigastric Hernia
Incisional Hernia
Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory Disease
Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse (SUPC)
BRUE / ALTE
Congenital Disorders of the Nose
Acquired Disorders of the Nose
Foreign Body
Epistaxis
Nasal Polyps
The Common Cold
Sinusitis
Acute Pharyngitis
Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral Pharyngeal (Parapharyngeal) Abscess, and Peritonsillar Cellulitis/Abscess
Tonsils and Adenoids
Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction (Croup, Epiglottitis, Laryngitis, and Bacterial Tracheitis)
Infectious Upper Airway Obstruction
Bacterial Tracheitis
Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
Laryngomalacia
Congenital Subglottic Stenosis
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Congenital Laryngeal Webs and Atresia
Congenital Subglottic Hemangioma
Laryngoceles and Saccular Cysts
Posterior Laryngeal Cleft and Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft
Vascular and Cardiac Anomalies
Tracheal Stenoses, Webs, and Atresia
Foregut Cysts
Tracheomalacia and Bronchomalacia
Foreign Bodies of the Airway
Laryngeal Foreign Bodies
Tracheal Foreign Bodies
Bronchial Foreign Bodies
Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Subglottic Stenosis
Congenital Subglottic Stenosis
Acquired Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Bronchomalacia and Tracheomalacia
Neoplasms of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
Vocal Nodules
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Congenital Subglottic Hemangioma
Vascular Anomalies
Other Laryngeal Neoplasms
Tracheal Neoplasms
Bronchial Tumors
Wheezing, Bronchiolitis, and Bronchitis
Wheezing in Infants: Bronchiolitis
Bronchitis
Plastic Bronchitis
Emphysema and Overinflation
?1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema
Other Distal Airway Diseases
Bronciolitis Obliterans
Follicular Bronchitis
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
Congenital Disorders of the Lung
Pulmonary Agenesis and Aplasia
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Congenital Cystic Malformation
Pulmonary Sequestration
Bronchogenic Cysts
Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia
Lung Hernia
Other Congenital Malformations of the Lung
Pulmonary Edema
Aspiration Syndromes
Chronic Recurrent Aspiration
Immune and Inflammatory Lung Disease
Hypersensitivity Pneumonia
Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
Granulomatous Lung Disease
Eosinophilic Lung Disease
Interstitial Lung Diseases
Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Pleural Effusion and Empyema
Dry or Plastic Pleural Effusion
Serofibrinous or Serosanguineous Pleural Effusion
Empyema
Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary Abscess
Cystic Fibrosis
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome)
Diffuse Lung Diseases in Childhood
Inherited Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Pulmonary Embolism, Infarction, and Hemorrhage
Pulmonary Embolus and Infarction
Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Hemoptysis
Atelectasis
Pulmonary Tumors
Pneumothorax
Pneumomediastinum
Hydrothorax
Hemothorax
Chylothorax
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Skeletal Diseases Influencing Pulmonary Function
Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest)
Pectus Carinatum and Sternal Clefts
Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (Thoracic-Pelvic-Phalangeal Dystrophy)
Achondroplasia
Kyphoscoliosis: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Congential Scoliosis
Congenital Rib Anomalies
Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency
Neuromuscular Diseases
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Other Conditions
Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation
Cardiac Development
Early Cardiac Morphogenesis
Cardiac Looping
Cardiac Septation
Aortic Arch Development
Cardiac Differentiation
Developmental Changes in Cardiac Function
The Fetal to Neonatal Circulatory Transition
The Fetal Circulation
The Transitional Circulation
The Neonatal Circulation
History and Physical Examination
Laboratory Evaluation
Radiologic Assessment
Electrocardiography
Hematologic Data
Echocardiography
Exercise Testing
MRI, MRA, CT, and Radionuclide Studies
Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization
Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease
Evaluation and Screening of the Infant or Child with Congenital Heart Disease
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: The Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions
Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium Secundum Defect
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Atrioventricular Septal Defects (Ostium Primum and Atrioventricular Canal or Endocardial Cushion Defects)
Ventricular Septal Defect
Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic Insufficiency
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Aortopulmonary Window Defect
Coronary Artery Fistula
Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: The Obstructive Lesions
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis with Intact Ventricular Septum
Infundibular Pulmonary Stenosis and Double-Chamber Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Stenosis in Combination with an Intracardiac Shunt
Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation with Ventricular Septal Defect
Coarctation with Other Cardiac Anomalies and Interrupted Aortic Arch
Congenital Mitral Stenosis
Pulmonary Venous Hypertension
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Regurgitant Lesions
Pulmonary Valvular Insufficiency and Congenital Absence of the Pulmonary Valve
Congenital Mitral Insufficiency
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Evaluation of the Critically Ill Neonate with Cyanosis and Respiratory Distress
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions: Lesions Associated with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetraology of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
Tricuspid Atresia
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis
Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Associated with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
D-Transposition of the Great Arteries
D-Transposition of the Great Arteries with Intact Ventricular Septum
Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect
L-Transposition of the Great Arteries (Corrected Transposition)
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Without Pulmonary Stenosis
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Malposition of the Great Arteries (Taussig-Bing Anomaly)
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Truncus Arteriosus
Single Ventricle (Double-Inlet Ventricle, Univentricular Heart)
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Abnormal Positions of the Heart and the Heterotaxy Syndromes (Asplenia, Polysplenia)
Other Congenital Heart and Vascular Malformations
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch
Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Arteries
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
Ectopia Cordis
Diverticulum of the Left Ventricle
Pulmonary Hypertension
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary Vascular Disease (Eisenmenger Syndrome)
General Principles of Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm of the Heart
Principles of Antiarrhythmic Therapy
Sinus Arrhythmias and Extrasystoles
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Long Q-T Syndromes
Sinus Node Dysfunction
AV Blcok
Sudden Death
Infective Endocarditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Diseases of the Myocardium
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Left Ventricular Noncompaction, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, and Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Myocarditis
Diseases of the Pericardium
Acute Pericarditis
Constrictive Pericarditis
Tumors of the Heart
Heart Failure
Cardiogenic Shock
Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation
Pediatric Heart Transplantation
Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation
Diseases of the Blood Vessels (Aneurysms and Fistulas)
Kawasaki Disease
Arteriovenous Fistulas
Infantile Calcifications (GACI, IIAC, and ACDC)
Systemic Hypertension
Development of the Hematopoietic System
The Anemias
Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia )
Pearson's Syndrome
Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia
Anemia of Chronic Disease and Renal Disease
Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD)
Anemia of Renal Disease
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias
Physiologic Anemia of Infancy
Megaloblastic Anemias
Folic Acid Deficiency
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Other Rare Megaloblastic Anemias
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia
Other Microcytic Anemias
Definitions and Classification of Hemolytic Anemias
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Hereditary Elliptocytosis
Hereditary Stomatocytosis
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Acanthocytosis
Hemoglobinopathies
Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Trait (Hemoglobin AS)
Other Hemoglobinopathies
Unstable Hemoglobin Disorders
Abnormal Hemoglobins with Increased Oxygen Affinity
Abnormal Hemoglobins Causing Cyanosis
Hereditary Methemoglobinemia
Hereditary Methemoglobinemia with Deficiency of NADH Cytochrome B5 Reductase
Syndromes of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH)
Thalassemia Syndromes
Enzymatic Defects
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Other Glycolytic Enzyme Deficiencies
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Related Deficiencies
Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from Extracellular Factors- Immune Hemolytic Anemias
Hemolytic Anemias Secondary to Other Extracellular Factors
Polycythemia
Non-Clonal Polycythemia
The Inherited Pancytopenias
The Acquired Pancytopenias
Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Erythropoietin Therapy
Platelet Transfusions
Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions
Plasma Transfusions
Risks of Blood Transfusions
Hemostasis
The Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Hemostasis
Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)
Factor VIII or Factor IX Deficiency (Hemophilia A or B)
Factor XI Deficiency (Hemophilia C)
Deficiencies of the Contact Factors (Nonbleeding Disorders)
Factor VII Deficiency
Factor X Deficiency
Prothrombin (Factor II) Deficiency
Factor V Deficiency
Combined Deficiency of Factors V and VIII
Fibrinogen Deficiency (Factor I)
Factor XIII Deficiency (Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor or Transglutaminase Deficiency)
Antiplasmin or Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Deficiency
von Willebrand Disease
Hereditary Predisposition to Thrombosis
Thrombotic Disorders in Children
Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Therapy
Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency
Liver Disease
Acquired Inhibitors of Coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Platelet and Blood Vessel Disorders
Idiopathic (Autoimmune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Nonimmune Platelet Destruction
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome
Sequestration
Congenital Thrombocytopenic Syndromes
Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia Due to Acquired Disorders Causing Decreased Production
Platelet Function Disorders
Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
Congenital Abnormalities of Platelet Function
Disorders of the Blood Vessels
Anatomy and Function of the Spleen
Splenomegaly
Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and Splenectomy
Anatomy and Function of the Lymphatic System
Abnormalities of Lymphatic vessels
Lymphadenopathy
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis)
Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease)
Castleman Disease
Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer
Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer
Principles of Cancer Diagnosis
Principles of Cancer Treatment
The Leukemias
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Down Syndrome and Acute Leukemia and Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Infant Leukemia
Lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Late Effects in Children and Adolescents with Lymphoma
Brain Tumors in Childhood
Neuroblastoma
Neoplasms of the Kidney
Wilms Tumor
Other Pediatric Renal Tumors
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Neoplasms of Bone
Malignant Tumors of Bone
Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Processes of Bone
Retinoblastoma
Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the Liver
Benign Vascular Tumors
Hemangiomas
Lymphangiomas and Cystic Hygromas
Rare Tumors
Thyroid Tumors
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum
Adrenal Tumors
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Histiocytosis Syndromes of Childhood
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Other Histiocytoses
Introduction to Glomerular Diseases
Anatomy of the Glomerulus
Glomerular Filtration
Glomerular Diseases
Clinical Evaluation of the Child with Hematuria
Isolated Renal Disease Associated with Hematuria
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (Berger Nephropathy)
Alport Syndrome
Thin Basement Membrane Disease
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Membranous Nephropathy
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis
Multisystem Disease Associated with Hematuria
Chronic Infections
Glomerulonephritis Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura Nephritis
Goodpasture Disease
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Toxic Nephropathy
Cortical Necrosis
Coagulopathies and Thrombocytopenia
Tubulointerstitial Disease Associated with Hematuria
Pyelonephritis
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Papillary Necrosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Vascular Disease Associated with Hematuria
Vascular Abnormalities
Renal Vein Thrombosis
Sickle Cell Nephropathy
Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
Nephrocalcinosis
Anatomic Abnormalities Associated with Hematuria
Congenital Anomalies
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney disease
Trauma
Renal Tumors
Lower Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria
Infectious Causes of Cystitis and Urethritis
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Vigorous Exercise
Clinical evaluation of the Child with Proteinuria
Conditions Associated with Proteinuria
Transient Proteinuria
Orthostatic (Postural) Proteinuria
Fixed Proteinuria
Nephrotic Syndrome
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Tubular Function
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Proximal (Type II) Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal (Type I) Renal Tubular Acidosis
Hyperkalemic (Type IV) Renal Tubular Acidosis
Rickets Associated with Renal Tubular Acidosis
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
Bartter Syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome
Other Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
Renal Failure
Acute Kidney Injury
Chronic Kidney Disease
End-Stage Renal Disease
Renal Transplantation
Congenital Anomalies and Dysgenesis of the Kidneys
Urinary Tract Infections
Vesicoureteral Reflux
Obstruction of the Urinary Tract
Anomalies of the Bladder
Neuropathic Bladder
Enuresis and Voiding Dysfunction
Anomalies of the Penis and Urethra
Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal Contents
Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract
Urinary Lithiasis
Gynecologic History and Physical Examination
Vulvovaginitis
Vaginal Bleeding in the Prepubertal Child
Breast Concerns
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hirsutism
Neoplasms and Adolescent Prevention Methods for Human Papillomavirus
Vulvovaginal and Mullerian Anomalies
Gynecologic Care for Girls with Special Needs
Female Genital Mutilation
Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Hypopituitarism
Diabetes Insipidus
Other Abnormalities of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism and Action
Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, and Overgrowth Syndromes
Physiology of Puberty
Disorders of Pubertal Development
Central Precocious Puberty
Precocious Puberty Resulting from Organic Brain Lesions
Precocious Puberty Following Irradiation of the Brain
Syndrome of Precocious Puberty and Hypothyroidism
Chorionic Gonadotropin-Secreting Tumors
McCune-Albright Syndrome (Precocious Puberty with Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia and Abnormal Pigmentation)
Familial Male Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty
Incomplete (Partial) Precocious Development
Medicational Precocity
Thyroid Development and Physiology
Thyroid Hormone Studies
Defects of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
Hypothyroidism
Thyroiditis
Goiter
Congenital Goiter
Intratracheal Goiter
Endemic Goiter and Cretinism
Acquired Goiter
Thyrotoxicosis
Graves Disease
Congenital Hyperthyroidism
Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Solitary Thyroid Nodule
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome
Hormones and Peptides of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism
Hypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy)
Hyperparathyroidism
Other Causes of Hypercalcemia
Physiology of the Adrenal Gland
Histology and Embryology
Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis
Regulation of the Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Steroid Hormone Actions
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Secondary and Tertiary Adrenal Insufficiency
Adrenal Insufficiency in the Critical Care Setting
Altered End-Organ Sensitivity to Corticosteroids
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Related Disorders
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 11?-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 3?-Hydroxysteriod Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia
Deficiency of P450 Oxidoreductase (Antley-Bixler Syndrome)
Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency
Glucocorticoid-Suppressible Hyperaldosteronism
Adrenocortical Tumors and Masses
Adrenal Carcinoma
Adrenal Incidentaloma
Adrenal Calcification
Virilizing and Feminizing Adrenal Tumors
Cushing Syndrome
Primary Aldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma
Development and Function of the Gonads
Hypofunction of the Testes
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male (Primary Hypogonadism)
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male (Secondary Hypogonadism)
Pseudoprecocity Resulting from Tumors of the Testes
Gynecomastia
Hypofunction of the Ovaries
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female (Primary Hypogonadism)
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female (Secondary Hypogonadism)
Pseudoprecocity Due to Lesions of the Ovary
Disorders of Sex Development
46,XX DSD
46,XY DSD
Ovotesticular DSD
Diabetes Mellitus
Classification
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Immune Mediated)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Other Specific Types of Diabetes
Neurologic Evaluation
Congenital Anomalies of the Central Nervous System
Neural Tube Defects
Spina Bifida Occulta (Occult Spinal Dysraphism)
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
Encephalocele
Anencephaly
Disorders of Neuronal Migration
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Agenesis of the Cranial Nerves and Dysgenesis of the Posterior Fossa
Microcephaly
Hydrocephalus
Craniosynostosis
Deformational Plagiocephaly
Seizures in Childhood
Febrile Seizures
Unprovoked Seizures
"Partial Seizures and Related Epilepsy Syndromes
"
Generalized Seizures and Related Epilepsy Syndromes
Mechanisms of Seizures
Treatment of Seizures and Epilepsy
Neonatal Seizures
Status Epilepticus
Reflex Seizures (Stimulus Precipitated Seizures)
Nodding Syndrome
Conditions that Mimic Seizures
Headaches
Migraine
Secondary Headaches
Tension-Type Headaches
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Neurofibromatosis
Tuberous Sclerosis
Sturge-Weber Symdrome (SWS)
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Linear Nevus Syndrome
PHACE Syndrome
Incontinentia Pigmenti
Movement Disorders
Ataxias
Chorea, Athetosis, Tremor
Myoclonus
Dystonia
Encephalopathies
Cerebral Palsy
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies
Other Encephalopathies
Autoimmune Encephalitis
Neurodegenerative Disorders of Childhood
Sphingolipidoses
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Sialidosis
Miscellaneous Disorders
Demyelinating Disorders of the CNS
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Neuromyelitis Optica
Transverse Myelitis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Pediatric Stroke
Arterial Ischemic Stroke (AIS)
Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis (CSVT)
Spinal Cord Lesions Associated with Vascular Processes
Hemorrhagic Stroke (HS)
Differential Diagnosis of Stroke-Like Events
CNS Vasculitis
Central Nervous System Infections
Acute Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the Neonatal Period
Viral Meningoencephalitis
Eosinophilic Meningitis
Brain Abscess
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension / Pseudotumor Cerebri
Spinal Cord Disorders
Tethered Cord
Diastematomyelia
Syringomyelia
Spinal Cord Tumors
Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations
Evaluation and Investigation
Developmental Disorders of Muscle
Myotubular Myopathy (Centrionuclear Myopathy)
Congenital Muscle Fiber-Type Disproportion
Nemaline Rod Myopathy
Core Myopathies
Myofibrillar Myopathies
Brain Malformations and Muscle Development
Amyoplasia
Muscular Dysgenesis (Proteus Syndrome Myopathy)
Benign Congenital Hypotonia
Arthrogryposis
Muscular Dystrophies
Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy/Laminopathies
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Congenital Muscular Dystrophies
Endocrine and Toxic Myopathies
Metabolic Myopathies
Periodic Paralyses (Potassium-Related) and other Muscle Channelopathies
Malignant Hyperthermia
Glycogenoses
Mitochondrial Myopathies
Lipid Myopathies
Vitamin E Deficiency Myopathy
Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission and of Motor Neurons
Myasthenia Gravis
Spinal Muscular Atrophies
Other Motor Neuron Diseases
Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies
Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, HMSN Type IIa)
Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Axonal Type)
Congenital Hypomyelinating Neuropathy and Dejerine-Sottas Disease (HMSN Type III)
Roussy-Levy Syndrome
Refsum Disease (Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy,Type IV) and Infantile Refsum Disease
Fabry Disease
Giant Axonal Neuropathy
Tomaculous (Hypermyelinating) Neuropathy; Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsies
Leukodystrophies
Toxic Neuropathies
Autonomic Neuropathies
Familial Dysautonomia
Other Autonomic Neuropathies
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Bell Palsy
Growth and Development of the Eye
Examination of the Eye
Abnormalities of Refraction and Accommodation
Disorders of Vision
Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris
Disorders of Eye Movement and Alignment
Abnormalities of the Lids
Disorders of the Lacrimal System
Disorders of the Conjunctiva
Abnormalities of the Cornea
Abnormalities of the Lens
Disorders of the Uveal Tract
Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous
Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve
Childhood Glaucoma
Orbital Abnormalities
Orbital Infections
Injuries to the Eye
General Considerations and Evaluation of the Ear
Hearing Loss
Congenital Malformations of the Ear
External Otitis (Otitis Externa)
Otitis Media
Acute Mastoiditis
The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony Labyrinth
Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and Temporal Bone
Tumors of the Ear and Temporal Bone
Morphology of the Skin
Dermatologic Evaluation of the Patient
Cutaenous Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Multisystemic Medication Reactions
Principles of Dermatologic Therapy
Dermatologic Diseases of the Neonate
Cutaneous Defects
Ectodermal Dysplasias
Vascular Disorders
Cutaneous Nevi
Hyperpigmented Lesions
Hypopigmented Lesions
Vesiculobullous Disorders
Erythema Multiforme
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Mechanobullous Disorders
Pemphigus
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Linear Immunoglobulin A Dermatosis (Chronic Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood)
Eczematous Disorders
Contact Dermatitis
Nummular Eczema
Pityriasis Alba
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Acute Palmoplantar Eczema (Dyshidrotic Eczema, Dyshidrosis, Pompholyx)
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Photosensitivity
Diseases of the Epidermis
Psoriasis
Pityriasis Lichenoides
Keratosis Pilaris
Lichen Spinulosus
Pityriasis Rosea
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Darier Disease (Keratosis Follicularis)
Lichen Nitidus
Lichen Striatus
Lichen Planus
Porokeratosis
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome (Papular Acrodermatitis)
Acanthosis Nigricans
Disorders of Keratinization
Diseases of the Dermis
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Diseases of Subcutaneous Tissue
Panniculitis and Erythema Nodosum
Lipodystrophy
Disorders of the Sweat Glands
Disorders of Hair
Disorders of the Nails
Disorders of the Mucous Membranes
Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
Impetigo
Subcutaneous Tissue Infections
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter Disease)
Ecthyma
Other Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
Cutaneous Fungal Infections
Cutaneous Viral Infections
Arthropod Bites and Infestations
Arthropod Bites
Scabies
Pediculosis
Seabather's Eruption
Acne
Tumors of the Skin
Nutritional Dermatoses
Growth and Development
Evaluation of the Child
The Foot and Toes
Metatarsus Adductus
Calcaneovalgus Feet
Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
Congenital Vertical Talus
Hypermobile Pes Planus (Flexible Flatfeet)
Tarsal Coalition
Cavus Feet
Osteochondroses/Apophysitis
Puncture Wounds of the Foot
Toe Deformities
Painful Foot
Shoes
Torsional and Angular Deformities
Normal Limb Development
Evaluation
Torsional Deformities
Coronal Plane Deformities
Congenital Angular Deformities of the Tibia and Fibula
Leg-Length Discrepancy
The Knee
Discoid Lateral Meniscus
Popliteal Cysts (Baker Cysts)
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Osgood-Schlatter Disease and Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Patellofemoral Instability
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
The Hip
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Transient Monoarticular Synovitis (Toxic Synovitis)
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
The Spine
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Congenital Scoliosis
Neuromuscular Scoliosis, Genetic Syndromes, and Compensatory Scoliosis
Kyphosis (Round-Back)
Back Pain in Children
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Spine Infection
Intervertebral Disk Herniation/Slipped Vertebral Apophysis
Tumors
The Neck
Torticollis
Klippel-Feil Syndrome
Cervical Anomalies and Instabilities
The Upper Limb
Arthrogryposis
Common Fractures
Unique Characteristics of Pediatric Fractures
Pediatric Fracture Patterns
Upper Extremity Fractures
Fractures of the Lower Extremity
Operative Treatment
Complications of Fractures in Children
Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Epidemiology and Prevention of Injuries
Management of Musculoskeletal Injury
Growth Plate Injuries
Shoulder Injuries
Elbow Injuries
Low Back Injuries
Hip and Pelvis Injuries
Knee Injuries
Lower Leg Pain: Shin Splints, Stress Fractures, and Chronic Compartent Syndrome
Ankle Injuries
Foot Injuries
Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)
Cervical Spine Injuries
Heat Injuries
Female Athletes: Menstrual Problems and the Risk of Osteopenia
Performance-Enhancing Aids
Specific Sports and Associated Injuries
General Considerations
Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins
Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors
Disorders Involving Ion Transporters
Disorders Involving Transcription Factors
Disorders Involving Defective Bone Resorption
Disorders for Which Defects Are Poorly Understood or Unknown
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Marfan Syndrome
Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation
Hypophosphatasia
Hyperphosphatasia
Osteoporosis
Evaluation of the Child for Rehabilitative Services
Rehabilitation for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury and Autonomic Crisis Management
Spasticity
Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy
Meningomyelocele (Spina Bifida)
Ambulation Assistance
Health and Wellness for Children with Disabilities
Home Mechanical Ventilation and Technology Dependence
Overview of Environmental Health and Children
Biologic Effects of Radiation on Children
Chemical Pollutants
Tobacco
Heavy Metal Intoxication
Lead Poisoning
Nonbacterial Food Poisoning
Mushroom Poisoning
Solanine Poisoning
Seafood Poisoning
Melamine Poisoning
Biologic and Chemical Terrorism
Mass Psychogenic Illness
Animal and Human Bites
Rat Bite Fever
Monkeypox
Envenomations
Laboratory Testing in Infants and Children
Reference Intervals for Laboratory Tests
ChapTitle
Overview of Pediatrics
Child Health Disparities
Racism
Global Health
Quality and Value in Healthcare for Children
Safety in Healthcare for Children
Ethics in Pediatric Care
Pediatric Palliative Care
Domestic and International Adoption
Foster and Kinship Care
Medical Evaluation of the Foreign-Born Child
Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care
Maximizing Children's Health: Screening, Anticipatory Guidance, and Counseling
Injury Control
Impact of Violence on Children
Bullying, Cyberbullying, and School Violence
Media Violence
Effects of War on Children
Child Trafficking
Abused and Neglected Children
Sexual Abuse
Medical Child Abuse (Factitious Disorder by Proxy, Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy)
Strategies for Health Behavior Change
Developmental and Behavioral Theories
Positive Parenting and Support
Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development
The Newborn
The First Year
Infant Crying and Colic
The Second Year
The Preschool Years
Middle Childhood
Adolescence
Assessment of Growth
Developmental and Behavioral Screening and Surveillance
Childcare
Loss, Separation, and Bereavement
Sleep Medicine
Psychosocial Assessment and Interviewing
Psychopharmacology
Psychotherapy and Psychiatric Hospitalization
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Rumination and Pica
Rumination Disorder
Pica
Motor Disorders and Habits
Tic Disorders
Stereotypic Movement Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Major and Other Depressive Disorders
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Suicide and Attempted Suicide
Eating Disorders
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
Tantrums and Breath-holding spells
Lying, Stealing and Truancy
Aggression
Self-injurious behavior
Childhood Psychoses
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Psychosis Associated with Epilepsy
Catatonia in Children and Adolescents
Acute Phobic Hallucinations of Childhood
Neurodevelopmental and Executive Function and Dysfunction
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Dyslexia
Math and Writing Disabilities
Math Disabilities
Writing Disabilities
Language Development and Communication Disorders
Child-Onset Fluency Disorder
Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability
Intellectual Disability with Regression
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nutritional Requirements
Feeding Healthy Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Nutrition, Food Security, and Health
Refeeding Syndrome
Failure to Thrive
Overweight and Obesity
Rapid-Onset Obesity with Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation and Autonomic Dysregulation (ROHHAD)
Vitamin A Deficiencies and Excess
Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies and Excess
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Biotin
Folate
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets) and Excess
Vitamin E Deficiency
Vitamin K Deficiency
Micronutrient Mineral Deficiencies
Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders
Composition of Body Fluids
Regulation of Osmolality and Volume
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Acid-Base Balance
Maintenance and Replacement Therapy
Deficit Therapy
Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders
Pediatric Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Pharmacoproteomics
Principles of Drug Therapy
Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
Sedation and Procedural Pain
Pediatric Pain Management
Poisoning
Complementary Therapies, and Integrative Medicine
Emergency Medical Services for Children
Interfacility Transport of the Seriously Ill or Injured Pediatric Patient
Outcomes and Risk-Adjustment
Principles Applicable to the Developing World
Triage of the Acutely Ill Child
Resuscitation
Acute Care of the Victim of Multiple Trauma
Spinal Cord Injuries in Children
Care of Abrasions and Minor Lacerations
Neurologic Emergencies and Stabilization
Brain Death
Syncope
POTS
Shock
Respiratory Distress and Failure
Mechanical Ventilation
Long-term Mechanical Ventilation
Altitude-associated Illness in Children (Acute Mountain Sickness)
Drowning and Submersion Injury
Burn injuries
Cold Injuries
Integration of Genetics into Pediatric Practice
Genetic Counseling
Management and Treatment of Genetic Disorders
The Genetic Approach in Pediatric Medicine
The Human Genome
Patterns of Genetic Transmission
Cytogenetics
Methods of Chromosome Analysis
Down Syndrome and Other Abnormalities of Chromosome Number
Abnormalities of Chromosome Structure
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy
Fragile Chromosome Sites
Mosaicism
Chromosome Instability Syndromes
Uniparental Disomy and Imprinting
Genetics of Common Disorders
Major Genetic Approaches to the Study of Common Pediatric Disorders
Epigenome-Wide Association Studies and Disease
Genetic Approaches to Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases
An Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Defects in Metabolism of Amino Acids
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Methionine
Cysteine/Cystine
Tryptophan
Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, and Related Organic Acidemias
Glycine
Serine
Proline
Glutamic Acid
Genetic Disorders of Neurotransmitters
Urea Cycle and Hyperammonemia (Arginine, Citrulline, Ornithine)
Histidine
Lysine
N-Acetylaspartic Acid (Canavan Disease)
Defects in Metabolism of Lipids
Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ss-Oxidation
Disorders of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids
Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Transport
Lipidoses (Lysosomal Storage Disorders)
Mucolipidoses
Defects in Metabolism of Carbohydrates
Glycogen Storage Diseases
Defects in Galactose Metabolism
Defects in Fructose Metabolism
Defects in Intermediary Carbohydrate Metabolism Associated with Lactic Acidosis
Defects in Pentose Metabolism
Disorders of Glycoprotein Degradation
Congenital Disorders of Glycosolation
Approach to Mitochondrial Disorders
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
The Porphyrias
Hypoglycemia
Overview of Mortality and Morbidity
The Newborn Infant
History in Neonatal Pediatrics
Physical Examination of the Newborn Infant
Routine Newborn Care
Circumcision
Parent-Infant Bonding
High-Risk Pregnancies
The Fetus
Fetal Growth and Maturity
Fetal Distress
Maternal Disease and the Fetus
Maternal Medication and Toxin Exposure and the Fetus
Teratogens
Radiation
Intrauterine Diagnosis of Fetal Disease
Treatment and Prevention of Fetal Disease
Fetal Intervention and Surgery
The High-Risk Infant
Multiple Gestation Pregnancies
Extreme and Very Preterm Infants
Moderate and Late Pre-Term Infants
Term and Post-Term Infants
Follow-up of High-Risk Infants after Discharge
Infant Transport
Clinical Manifestations of Diseases in the Newborn Period
Hyperthermia
Neontal Cold Injury
Edema
Hypocalcemia (Tetany)
Hypermanganazemia
Nervous System Disorders
The Cranium
Traumatic, Epidural, Subdural, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Intracranial-Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Periventricular Leukomalacia
Hypoxia-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Spine and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Neonatal Resuscitation and Delivery Room Emergencies
Respiratory Tract Disorders
Transition to Pulmonary Respiration
Apnea
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline Membrane Disease)
BPD
PDA
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Aspiration of Foreign Material (Fetal Aspiration Syndrome, Aspiration Pneumonia)
Meconium Aspiration
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (Persistent Fetal Circulation)
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Foramen of Morgagni Hernia
Paraesophageal Hernia
Eventration
Extrapulmonary Air Leaks (Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema, Pneumopericardium)
Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Digestive System Disorders
Meconium Ileus, Peritonitis, and Intestinal Obstruction
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn
Kernicterus
Blood Disorders
Anemia in the Newborn Infant
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis Fetalis)
Plethora in the Newborn Infant (Polycythemia)
Hemorrhage in the Newborn Infant
The Umbilicus
Abstinence Syndromes
Neonatal Abstinence (Withdrawal)
Maternal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Neonatal Behavioral Syndromes
Fetal Alcohol Exposure
The Endocrine System
Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Dysmorphology
Epidemiology of Infections
Healthcare?Associated Infections (HAI)
Congenital Infections
Adolescent Physical and Social Development
Gender and Sexual Identity
Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Adolescents
Transgender Care
The Epidemiology of Adolescent Health Problems
Delivery of Health Care to Adolescents
Legal Issues
Screening Procedures
Transitioning to Adult Care
Violent Behavior
Substance Abuse
Alcohol
Tobacco and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Marijuana
Inhalants
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Stimulant Abuse and Diversion
Opiates
Bath salts and other drugs of abuse
The Breast
Menstrual Problems
Amenorrhea
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Dysmenorrhea
Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Contraception
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)
Other Progestin-only Methods
Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
Emergency Contraception (EC)
Dual Protection
Other Barrier Methods
Other Methods
Adolescent Pregnancy
Adolescent Sexual Assault
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chronic Overlapping Pain Syndromes
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease
Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
Lymphocyte Development and Function
Primary Defects of Antibody Production
Treatment of B-Cell Defects
Primary Defects of Cellular Immunity
Immune Deficiencies Affecting Multiple Cell Types
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Combined Immunodeficiency
Defects of Innate Immunity
Treatment of Cellular or Combined Immunodeficiency
Immune Dysregulation with Autoimmunity or Lymphoproliferation
Neutrophils
Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
Eosinophils
Disorders of Phagocyte Function
Leukopenia
Leukocytosis
The Complement System
Disorders of the Complement System
Evaluation of the Complement System
Genetic Deficiencies of Complement Components
Deficiencies of Plasma, Membrane, or Serosal Complement Control Proteins
Secondary Disorders of Complement
Treatment of Complement Disorders
Principles and Clinical Indications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from Alternative Sources and Donors
Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Rejection, and Veno-occlusive Disease
Infectious Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Late Effects of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of Atopic Disease
Diagnosis of Allergic Disease
Allergic Rhinitis
Childhood Asthma
Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
Insect Allergy
Ocular Allergies
Urticaria (Hives) and Angioedema
Anaphylaxis
Serum Sickness
Food Allergy and Adverse Reactions to Foods
Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Evaluation of Suspected Rheumatic Disease
Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other Spondyloarthritides
Reactive and Post-Infectious Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Neonatal Lupus
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Scleroderma and Raynaud Phenomenon
Behcet Disease
Sjoegren Syndrome
The Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes and Other Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Kawasaki Disease
Vasculitis Syndromes
Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura
Takayasu Arteritis
Polyarteritis Nodosa and Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa
ANCA-associated vasculitis
Other Vasculitic Syndromes
Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
Growing Pains
Small Fiber Polyneuropathy
Fibromyalgia
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Erythromelalgia
Miscellaneous Conditions Associated With Arthritis
Diagnostic Microbiology
The Microbiome and Pediatric Health
Immunization Practices
International Immunization Practices
Infection Prevention and Control
Childcare and Communicable Diseases
Health Advice for Children Traveling Internationally
Fever
Fever Without a Focus in the Neonate (0-2 mos)
Fever in the Older Child
Fever of Unknown Origin
Infections in Immunocompromised Persons
Infections Occurring with Primary Immunodeficiencies
Infections Occuring with Acquired Immunodeficiencies
Prevention of Infection in Immunocompromised Persons
Infection Associated with Medical Devices
Principles of Antibacterial Therapy
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
Group A Streptococcus
Rheumatic Fever
Group B Streptococcus
Non-Group A or B Streptococci
Enterococcus
Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
Listeria monocytogenes
Actinomyces
Nocardia
Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
Kingella kingae
Haemophilus influenzae
Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Moraxella catarrhalis
Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis)
Salmonella
Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis
Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever)
Shigella
Escherichia coli
Cholera
Campylobacter
Yersinia
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Aeromonas and Plesiomonas
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas
Pseudomonas
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex
Stenotrophomonas
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Brucella
Legionella
Bartonella
Cat Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)
Bartonellosis (Bartonella bacilliformis)
Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)
Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacillary Peliosis Hepatis (Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana)
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
Clostridium difficile Infection
Other Anaerobic Infections
Principles of Antimycobacterial Therapy
Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium leprae)
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
Nonvenereal Treponemal Infections
Yaws (Treponema pertenue)
Bejel (Endemic Syphilis: Treponema pallidum endemicum)
Pinta (Treponema carateum)
Leptospira
Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)
Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum)
Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Trachoma
Genital Tract Infections
Conjunctivitis and Pneumonia in Newborns
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)
Mediterranean Spotted Fever or Boutonneuse Fever (Rickettsia conorii)
Rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari)
Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)
Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Murine (endemic or flea-borne) Typhus (Rickettsia typhi)
Epidemic (louse-borne) Typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii)
Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
Principles of Antifungal Therapy
Candida
Neonatal Infections
Infections in Immunocompetent Children and Adolescents
Infections in Immunocompromised Children and Adolescents
Cryptococcus neoformans
Malassezia
Aspergillus
Allergic Disease (Hypersensitivity Syndromes)
Saprophytic (Noninvasive) Syndromes
Invasive Disease
Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)
Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis)
Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)
Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis)
Pneumocystis Jirovecii
Principles of Antiviral Therapy
Measles
Rubella
Mumps
Polioviruses
Nonpolio Enteroviruses
Parvoviruses
Herpes Simplex Virus
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections
Epstein-Barr Virus
Cytomegalovirus
Roseola (Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7)
Human Herpesvirus 8
Influenza Viruses
Parainfluenza Viruses
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Human Metapneumovirus
Adenoviruses
Rhinoviruses
Coronaviruses
Rotaviruses, Calicivirus, and Astrovirus
Human Papillomaviruses
Arboviral Infections
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Western Equine Encephalitis
St. Louis Encephalitis
West Nile Encephalitis
Powassan Encephalitis
LaCrosse and California Encephalitis
Colorado Tick Fever
Chikungunya Fever
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis
Japanese Encephalitis
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Zika Virus
Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Yellow Fever
Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Rabies
Polyomaviruses
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (1 and 2)
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Principles of Antiparasitic Therapy
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
Amebiasis
Giardiasis and Balantidiasis
Giardia lamblia
Balantidiasis
Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Cyclospora, and Microsporidia
Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
Leishmaniasis (Leishmania)
African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma brucei complex)
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi)
Malaria (Plasmodium)
Babesiosis (Babesia)
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)
Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma spp.)
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichuria)
Enterobiasis (Enterobius vermicularis)
Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis)
Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti)
Other Tissue Nematodes
Toxocariasis (Visceral and Ocular Larva Migrans)
Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis)
Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)
Flukes (Liver, Lung, and Intestinal)
Adult Tapeworm Infections
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis)
Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena
Major Symptoms and Signs of Digestive Tract Disorders
Development and Developmental Anomalies of the Teeth
Disorders of the Oral Cavity Associated with Other Conditions
Malocclusion
Cleft Lip and Palate
Syndromes with Oral Manifestations
Dental Caries
Periodontal Diseases
Dental Trauma
Common Lesions of the Oral Soft Tissues
Diseases of the Salivary Glands and Jaws
Diagnostic Radiology in Dental Assessment
Embryology, Anatomy, and Function of the Esophagus
Common Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Aids
Congenital Anomalies
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Laryngotracheoesophageal Clefts
Obstructing and Motility Disorders of the Esophagus
Dysmotility
Hiatal Hernia
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Complications of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Non-GERD Esophagitis
Esophageal Perforation
Esophageal Varices
Ingestions
Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus
Caustic Ingestions
Normal Development, Structure, and Function
Pyloric Stenosis and Other Congenital Anomalies of the Stomach
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Gastric Duplication
Gastric Volvulus
Hypertrophic Gastropathy
Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and Malrotation
Duodenal Obstruction
Jejunal and Ileal Atresia and Obstruction
Malrotation
Intestinal Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct
Intestinal Duplication
Meckel Diverticulum and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct
Motility Disorders and Hirschsprung Disease
Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy
Encopresis and Functional Constipation
Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)
Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (Wilkie Syndrome, Cast Syndrome, Arteriomesenteric Duodenal Compression Syndrome)
Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and Closed-Loop Obstructions
Ileus
Adhesions
Intussusception
Closed-Loop Obstructions
Foreign Bodies and Bezoars
Foreign Bodies in the Stomach and Intestine
Bezoars
Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Crohn Disease (Regional Enteritis, Regional lleitis, Granulomatous Colitis)
Very Early Onset IBD
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Disorders of Malabsorption
Evaluation of Children with Suspected Intestinal Malabsorption
Celiac Disease (Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy)
Other Malabsorptive Syndromes
Intestinal Infections and Infestations Associated with Malabsorption
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease
Short Bowel Syndrome
Chronic Malnutrition
Enzyme Deficiencies
Liver and Biliary Disorders Causing Malabsorption
Rare Inborn Defects Causing Malabsorption
Malabsorption in Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Malabsorption in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Intestinal Transplantation in Children with Intestinal Failure
Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
Traveler's Diarrhea
Chronic Diarrhea
Diarrhea from Neuroendocrine Tumors
Functional Abdominal pain (Nonorganic Chronic Abdominal pain)
Cyclic vomiting and abdominal migraine
Acute Appendicitis
Surgical Conditions of the Anus and Rectum
Anorectal Malformations
Anal Fissure
Perianal Abscess and Fistula
Hemorrhoids
Rectal Mucosal Prolapse
Pilonidal Sinus and Abscess
Tumors of the Digestive Tract
Inguinal Hernias
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology
Anatomic Abnormalities
Physiology
Pancreatic Function Tests
Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas
Treatment of Pancreatic Insufficiency
Pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis
Pseudocyst of the Pancreas
Pancreatic Tumors
Morphogenesis of the Liver and Biliary System
Manifestations of Liver Disease
Evaluation of Patients with Possible Liver Dysfunction
Cholestasis
Neonatal Cholestasis
Cholestasis in the Older Child
Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
Inherited Deficient Conjugation of Bilirubin (Familial Nonhemolytic Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)
Wilson Disease
Indian Childhood Cirrhosis
Neonatal Iron Storage Disease
Miscellaneous Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
Viral Hepatitis
Liver Abscess
Liver Disease Associated with Systemic Disorders
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Cystic Diseases of the Biliary Tract and Liver
Diseases of the Gallbladder
Portal Hypertension and Varices
Liver Transplantation
Malformations
Ascites
Chylous Ascites
Peritonitis
Acute Primary Peritonitis
Acute Secondary Peritonitis
Acute Secondary Localized Peritonitis (Peritoneal Abscess)
Epigastric Hernia
Incisional Hernia
Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory Disease
Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse (SUPC)
BRUE / ALTE
Congenital Disorders of the Nose
Acquired Disorders of the Nose
Foreign Body
Epistaxis
Nasal Polyps
The Common Cold
Sinusitis
Acute Pharyngitis
Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral Pharyngeal (Parapharyngeal) Abscess, and Peritonsillar Cellulitis/Abscess
Tonsils and Adenoids
Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction (Croup, Epiglottitis, Laryngitis, and Bacterial Tracheitis)
Infectious Upper Airway Obstruction
Bacterial Tracheitis
Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
Laryngomalacia
Congenital Subglottic Stenosis
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Congenital Laryngeal Webs and Atresia
Congenital Subglottic Hemangioma
Laryngoceles and Saccular Cysts
Posterior Laryngeal Cleft and Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft
Vascular and Cardiac Anomalies
Tracheal Stenoses, Webs, and Atresia
Foregut Cysts
Tracheomalacia and Bronchomalacia
Foreign Bodies of the Airway
Laryngeal Foreign Bodies
Tracheal Foreign Bodies
Bronchial Foreign Bodies
Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Subglottic Stenosis
Congenital Subglottic Stenosis
Acquired Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Bronchomalacia and Tracheomalacia
Neoplasms of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
Vocal Nodules
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Congenital Subglottic Hemangioma
Vascular Anomalies
Other Laryngeal Neoplasms
Tracheal Neoplasms
Bronchial Tumors
Wheezing, Bronchiolitis, and Bronchitis
Wheezing in Infants: Bronchiolitis
Bronchitis
Plastic Bronchitis
Emphysema and Overinflation
?1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema
Other Distal Airway Diseases
Bronciolitis Obliterans
Follicular Bronchitis
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
Congenital Disorders of the Lung
Pulmonary Agenesis and Aplasia
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Congenital Cystic Malformation
Pulmonary Sequestration
Bronchogenic Cysts
Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia
Lung Hernia
Other Congenital Malformations of the Lung
Pulmonary Edema
Aspiration Syndromes
Chronic Recurrent Aspiration
Immune and Inflammatory Lung Disease
Hypersensitivity Pneumonia
Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
Granulomatous Lung Disease
Eosinophilic Lung Disease
Interstitial Lung Diseases
Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Pleural Effusion and Empyema
Dry or Plastic Pleural Effusion
Serofibrinous or Serosanguineous Pleural Effusion
Empyema
Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary Abscess
Cystic Fibrosis
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome)
Diffuse Lung Diseases in Childhood
Inherited Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Pulmonary Embolism, Infarction, and Hemorrhage
Pulmonary Embolus and Infarction
Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Hemoptysis
Atelectasis
Pulmonary Tumors
Pneumothorax
Pneumomediastinum
Hydrothorax
Hemothorax
Chylothorax
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Skeletal Diseases Influencing Pulmonary Function
Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest)
Pectus Carinatum and Sternal Clefts
Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (Thoracic-Pelvic-Phalangeal Dystrophy)
Achondroplasia
Kyphoscoliosis: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Congential Scoliosis
Congenital Rib Anomalies
Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency
Neuromuscular Diseases
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Other Conditions
Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation
Cardiac Development
Early Cardiac Morphogenesis
Cardiac Looping
Cardiac Septation
Aortic Arch Development
Cardiac Differentiation
Developmental Changes in Cardiac Function
The Fetal to Neonatal Circulatory Transition
The Fetal Circulation
The Transitional Circulation
The Neonatal Circulation
History and Physical Examination
Laboratory Evaluation
Radiologic Assessment
Electrocardiography
Hematologic Data
Echocardiography
Exercise Testing
MRI, MRA, CT, and Radionuclide Studies
Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization
Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease
Evaluation and Screening of the Infant or Child with Congenital Heart Disease
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: The Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions
Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium Secundum Defect
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Atrioventricular Septal Defects (Ostium Primum and Atrioventricular Canal or Endocardial Cushion Defects)
Ventricular Septal Defect
Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic Insufficiency
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Aortopulmonary Window Defect
Coronary Artery Fistula
Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: The Obstructive Lesions
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis with Intact Ventricular Septum
Infundibular Pulmonary Stenosis and Double-Chamber Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Stenosis in Combination with an Intracardiac Shunt
Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation with Ventricular Septal Defect
Coarctation with Other Cardiac Anomalies and Interrupted Aortic Arch
Congenital Mitral Stenosis
Pulmonary Venous Hypertension
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Regurgitant Lesions
Pulmonary Valvular Insufficiency and Congenital Absence of the Pulmonary Valve
Congenital Mitral Insufficiency
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Evaluation of the Critically Ill Neonate with Cyanosis and Respiratory Distress
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions: Lesions Associated with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetraology of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
Tricuspid Atresia
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis
Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Associated with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
D-Transposition of the Great Arteries
D-Transposition of the Great Arteries with Intact Ventricular Septum
Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect
L-Transposition of the Great Arteries (Corrected Transposition)
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Without Pulmonary Stenosis
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Malposition of the Great Arteries (Taussig-Bing Anomaly)
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Truncus Arteriosus
Single Ventricle (Double-Inlet Ventricle, Univentricular Heart)
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Abnormal Positions of the Heart and the Heterotaxy Syndromes (Asplenia, Polysplenia)
Other Congenital Heart and Vascular Malformations
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch
Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Arteries
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
Ectopia Cordis
Diverticulum of the Left Ventricle
Pulmonary Hypertension
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary Vascular Disease (Eisenmenger Syndrome)
General Principles of Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm of the Heart
Principles of Antiarrhythmic Therapy
Sinus Arrhythmias and Extrasystoles
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Long Q-T Syndromes
Sinus Node Dysfunction
AV Blcok
Sudden Death
Infective Endocarditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Diseases of the Myocardium
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Left Ventricular Noncompaction, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, and Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Myocarditis
Diseases of the Pericardium
Acute Pericarditis
Constrictive Pericarditis
Tumors of the Heart
Heart Failure
Cardiogenic Shock
Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation
Pediatric Heart Transplantation
Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation
Diseases of the Blood Vessels (Aneurysms and Fistulas)
Kawasaki Disease
Arteriovenous Fistulas
Infantile Calcifications (GACI, IIAC, and ACDC)
Systemic Hypertension
Development of the Hematopoietic System
The Anemias
Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia )
Pearson's Syndrome
Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia
Anemia of Chronic Disease and Renal Disease
Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD)
Anemia of Renal Disease
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias
Physiologic Anemia of Infancy
Megaloblastic Anemias
Folic Acid Deficiency
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Other Rare Megaloblastic Anemias
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia
Other Microcytic Anemias
Definitions and Classification of Hemolytic Anemias
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Hereditary Elliptocytosis
Hereditary Stomatocytosis
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Acanthocytosis
Hemoglobinopathies
Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Trait (Hemoglobin AS)
Other Hemoglobinopathies
Unstable Hemoglobin Disorders
Abnormal Hemoglobins with Increased Oxygen Affinity
Abnormal Hemoglobins Causing Cyanosis
Hereditary Methemoglobinemia
Hereditary Methemoglobinemia with Deficiency of NADH Cytochrome B5 Reductase
Syndromes of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH)
Thalassemia Syndromes
Enzymatic Defects
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Other Glycolytic Enzyme Deficiencies
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Related Deficiencies
Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from Extracellular Factors- Immune Hemolytic Anemias
Hemolytic Anemias Secondary to Other Extracellular Factors
Polycythemia
Non-Clonal Polycythemia
The Inherited Pancytopenias
The Acquired Pancytopenias
Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Erythropoietin Therapy
Platelet Transfusions
Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions
Plasma Transfusions
Risks of Blood Transfusions
Hemostasis
The Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Hemostasis
Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)
Factor VIII or Factor IX Deficiency (Hemophilia A or B)
Factor XI Deficiency (Hemophilia C)
Deficiencies of the Contact Factors (Nonbleeding Disorders)
Factor VII Deficiency
Factor X Deficiency
Prothrombin (Factor II) Deficiency
Factor V Deficiency
Combined Deficiency of Factors V and VIII
Fibrinogen Deficiency (Factor I)
Factor XIII Deficiency (Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor or Transglutaminase Deficiency)
Antiplasmin or Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Deficiency
von Willebrand Disease
Hereditary Predisposition to Thrombosis
Thrombotic Disorders in Children
Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Therapy
Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency
Liver Disease
Acquired Inhibitors of Coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Platelet and Blood Vessel Disorders
Idiopathic (Autoimmune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Nonimmune Platelet Destruction
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome
Sequestration
Congenital Thrombocytopenic Syndromes
Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia Due to Acquired Disorders Causing Decreased Production
Platelet Function Disorders
Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
Congenital Abnormalities of Platelet Function
Disorders of the Blood Vessels
Anatomy and Function of the Spleen
Splenomegaly
Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and Splenectomy
Anatomy and Function of the Lymphatic System
Abnormalities of Lymphatic vessels
Lymphadenopathy
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis)
Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease)
Castleman Disease
Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer
Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer
Principles of Cancer Diagnosis
Principles of Cancer Treatment
The Leukemias
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Down Syndrome and Acute Leukemia and Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Infant Leukemia
Lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Late Effects in Children and Adolescents with Lymphoma
Brain Tumors in Childhood
Neuroblastoma
Neoplasms of the Kidney
Wilms Tumor
Other Pediatric Renal Tumors
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Neoplasms of Bone
Malignant Tumors of Bone
Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Processes of Bone
Retinoblastoma
Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the Liver
Benign Vascular Tumors
Hemangiomas
Lymphangiomas and Cystic Hygromas
Rare Tumors
Thyroid Tumors
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum
Adrenal Tumors
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Histiocytosis Syndromes of Childhood
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Other Histiocytoses
Introduction to Glomerular Diseases
Anatomy of the Glomerulus
Glomerular Filtration
Glomerular Diseases
Clinical Evaluation of the Child with Hematuria
Isolated Renal Disease Associated with Hematuria
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (Berger Nephropathy)
Alport Syndrome
Thin Basement Membrane Disease
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Membranous Nephropathy
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis
Multisystem Disease Associated with Hematuria
Chronic Infections
Glomerulonephritis Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura Nephritis
Goodpasture Disease
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Toxic Nephropathy
Cortical Necrosis
Coagulopathies and Thrombocytopenia
Tubulointerstitial Disease Associated with Hematuria
Pyelonephritis
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Papillary Necrosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Vascular Disease Associated with Hematuria
Vascular Abnormalities
Renal Vein Thrombosis
Sickle Cell Nephropathy
Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
Nephrocalcinosis
Anatomic Abnormalities Associated with Hematuria
Congenital Anomalies
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney disease
Trauma
Renal Tumors
Lower Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria
Infectious Causes of Cystitis and Urethritis
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Vigorous Exercise
Clinical evaluation of the Child with Proteinuria
Conditions Associated with Proteinuria
Transient Proteinuria
Orthostatic (Postural) Proteinuria
Fixed Proteinuria
Nephrotic Syndrome
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Tubular Function
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Proximal (Type II) Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal (Type I) Renal Tubular Acidosis
Hyperkalemic (Type IV) Renal Tubular Acidosis
Rickets Associated with Renal Tubular Acidosis
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
Bartter Syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome
Other Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
Renal Failure
Acute Kidney Injury
Chronic Kidney Disease
End-Stage Renal Disease
Renal Transplantation
Congenital Anomalies and Dysgenesis of the Kidneys
Urinary Tract Infections
Vesicoureteral Reflux
Obstruction of the Urinary Tract
Anomalies of the Bladder
Neuropathic Bladder
Enuresis and Voiding Dysfunction
Anomalies of the Penis and Urethra
Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal Contents
Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract
Urinary Lithiasis
Gynecologic History and Physical Examination
Vulvovaginitis
Vaginal Bleeding in the Prepubertal Child
Breast Concerns
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hirsutism
Neoplasms and Adolescent Prevention Methods for Human Papillomavirus
Vulvovaginal and Mullerian Anomalies
Gynecologic Care for Girls with Special Needs
Female Genital Mutilation
Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Hypopituitarism
Diabetes Insipidus
Other Abnormalities of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism and Action
Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, and Overgrowth Syndromes
Physiology of Puberty
Disorders of Pubertal Development
Central Precocious Puberty
Precocious Puberty Resulting from Organic Brain Lesions
Precocious Puberty Following Irradiation of the Brain
Syndrome of Precocious Puberty and Hypothyroidism
Chorionic Gonadotropin-Secreting Tumors
McCune-Albright Syndrome (Precocious Puberty with Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia and Abnormal Pigmentation)
Familial Male Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty
Incomplete (Partial) Precocious Development
Medicational Precocity
Thyroid Development and Physiology
Thyroid Hormone Studies
Defects of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
Hypothyroidism
Thyroiditis
Goiter
Congenital Goiter
Intratracheal Goiter
Endemic Goiter and Cretinism
Acquired Goiter
Thyrotoxicosis
Graves Disease
Congenital Hyperthyroidism
Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Solitary Thyroid Nodule
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome
Hormones and Peptides of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism
Hypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy)
Hyperparathyroidism
Other Causes of Hypercalcemia
Physiology of the Adrenal Gland
Histology and Embryology
Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis
Regulation of the Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Steroid Hormone Actions
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Secondary and Tertiary Adrenal Insufficiency
Adrenal Insufficiency in the Critical Care Setting
Altered End-Organ Sensitivity to Corticosteroids
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Related Disorders
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 11?-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 3?-Hydroxysteriod Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia
Deficiency of P450 Oxidoreductase (Antley-Bixler Syndrome)
Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency
Glucocorticoid-Suppressible Hyperaldosteronism
Adrenocortical Tumors and Masses
Adrenal Carcinoma
Adrenal Incidentaloma
Adrenal Calcification
Virilizing and Feminizing Adrenal Tumors
Cushing Syndrome
Primary Aldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma
Development and Function of the Gonads
Hypofunction of the Testes
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male (Primary Hypogonadism)
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male (Secondary Hypogonadism)
Pseudoprecocity Resulting from Tumors of the Testes
Gynecomastia
Hypofunction of the Ovaries
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female (Primary Hypogonadism)
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female (Secondary Hypogonadism)
Pseudoprecocity Due to Lesions of the Ovary
Disorders of Sex Development
46,XX DSD
46,XY DSD
Ovotesticular DSD
Diabetes Mellitus
Classification
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Immune Mediated)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Other Specific Types of Diabetes
Neurologic Evaluation
Congenital Anomalies of the Central Nervous System
Neural Tube Defects
Spina Bifida Occulta (Occult Spinal Dysraphism)
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
Encephalocele
Anencephaly
Disorders of Neuronal Migration
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Agenesis of the Cranial Nerves and Dysgenesis of the Posterior Fossa
Microcephaly
Hydrocephalus
Craniosynostosis
Deformational Plagiocephaly
Seizures in Childhood
Febrile Seizures
Unprovoked Seizures
"Partial Seizures and Related Epilepsy Syndromes
"
Generalized Seizures and Related Epilepsy Syndromes
Mechanisms of Seizures
Treatment of Seizures and Epilepsy
Neonatal Seizures
Status Epilepticus
Reflex Seizures (Stimulus Precipitated Seizures)
Nodding Syndrome
Conditions that Mimic Seizures
Headaches
Migraine
Secondary Headaches
Tension-Type Headaches
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Neurofibromatosis
Tuberous Sclerosis
Sturge-Weber Symdrome (SWS)
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Linear Nevus Syndrome
PHACE Syndrome
Incontinentia Pigmenti
Movement Disorders
Ataxias
Chorea, Athetosis, Tremor
Myoclonus
Dystonia
Encephalopathies
Cerebral Palsy
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies
Other Encephalopathies
Autoimmune Encephalitis
Neurodegenerative Disorders of Childhood
Sphingolipidoses
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Sialidosis
Miscellaneous Disorders
Demyelinating Disorders of the CNS
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Neuromyelitis Optica
Transverse Myelitis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Pediatric Stroke
Arterial Ischemic Stroke (AIS)
Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis (CSVT)
Spinal Cord Lesions Associated with Vascular Processes
Hemorrhagic Stroke (HS)
Differential Diagnosis of Stroke-Like Events
CNS Vasculitis
Central Nervous System Infections
Acute Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the Neonatal Period
Viral Meningoencephalitis
Eosinophilic Meningitis
Brain Abscess
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension / Pseudotumor Cerebri
Spinal Cord Disorders
Tethered Cord
Diastematomyelia
Syringomyelia
Spinal Cord Tumors
Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations
Evaluation and Investigation
Developmental Disorders of Muscle
Myotubular Myopathy (Centrionuclear Myopathy)
Congenital Muscle Fiber-Type Disproportion
Nemaline Rod Myopathy
Core Myopathies
Myofibrillar Myopathies
Brain Malformations and Muscle Development
Amyoplasia
Muscular Dysgenesis (Proteus Syndrome Myopathy)
Benign Congenital Hypotonia
Arthrogryposis
Muscular Dystrophies
Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy/Laminopathies
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Congenital Muscular Dystrophies
Endocrine and Toxic Myopathies
Metabolic Myopathies
Periodic Paralyses (Potassium-Related) and other Muscle Channelopathies
Malignant Hyperthermia
Glycogenoses
Mitochondrial Myopathies
Lipid Myopathies
Vitamin E Deficiency Myopathy
Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission and of Motor Neurons
Myasthenia Gravis
Spinal Muscular Atrophies
Other Motor Neuron Diseases
Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies
Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, HMSN Type IIa)
Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Axonal Type)
Congenital Hypomyelinating Neuropathy and Dejerine-Sottas Disease (HMSN Type III)
Roussy-Levy Syndrome
Refsum Disease (Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy,Type IV) and Infantile Refsum Disease
Fabry Disease
Giant Axonal Neuropathy
Tomaculous (Hypermyelinating) Neuropathy; Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsies
Leukodystrophies
Toxic Neuropathies
Autonomic Neuropathies
Familial Dysautonomia
Other Autonomic Neuropathies
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Bell Palsy
Growth and Development of the Eye
Examination of the Eye
Abnormalities of Refraction and Accommodation
Disorders of Vision
Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris
Disorders of Eye Movement and Alignment
Abnormalities of the Lids
Disorders of the Lacrimal System
Disorders of the Conjunctiva
Abnormalities of the Cornea
Abnormalities of the Lens
Disorders of the Uveal Tract
Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous
Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve
Childhood Glaucoma
Orbital Abnormalities
Orbital Infections
Injuries to the Eye
General Considerations and Evaluation of the Ear
Hearing Loss
Congenital Malformations of the Ear
External Otitis (Otitis Externa)
Otitis Media
Acute Mastoiditis
The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony Labyrinth
Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and Temporal Bone
Tumors of the Ear and Temporal Bone
Morphology of the Skin
Dermatologic Evaluation of the Patient
Cutaenous Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Multisystemic Medication Reactions
Principles of Dermatologic Therapy
Dermatologic Diseases of the Neonate
Cutaneous Defects
Ectodermal Dysplasias
Vascular Disorders
Cutaneous Nevi
Hyperpigmented Lesions
Hypopigmented Lesions
Vesiculobullous Disorders
Erythema Multiforme
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Mechanobullous Disorders
Pemphigus
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Linear Immunoglobulin A Dermatosis (Chronic Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood)
Eczematous Disorders
Contact Dermatitis
Nummular Eczema
Pityriasis Alba
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Acute Palmoplantar Eczema (Dyshidrotic Eczema, Dyshidrosis, Pompholyx)
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Photosensitivity
Diseases of the Epidermis
Psoriasis
Pityriasis Lichenoides
Keratosis Pilaris
Lichen Spinulosus
Pityriasis Rosea
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Darier Disease (Keratosis Follicularis)
Lichen Nitidus
Lichen Striatus
Lichen Planus
Porokeratosis
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome (Papular Acrodermatitis)
Acanthosis Nigricans
Disorders of Keratinization
Diseases of the Dermis
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Diseases of Subcutaneous Tissue
Panniculitis and Erythema Nodosum
Lipodystrophy
Disorders of the Sweat Glands
Disorders of Hair
Disorders of the Nails
Disorders of the Mucous Membranes
Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
Impetigo
Subcutaneous Tissue Infections
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter Disease)
Ecthyma
Other Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
Cutaneous Fungal Infections
Cutaneous Viral Infections
Arthropod Bites and Infestations
Arthropod Bites
Scabies
Pediculosis
Seabather's Eruption
Acne
Tumors of the Skin
Nutritional Dermatoses
Growth and Development
Evaluation of the Child
The Foot and Toes
Metatarsus Adductus
Calcaneovalgus Feet
Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
Congenital Vertical Talus
Hypermobile Pes Planus (Flexible Flatfeet)
Tarsal Coalition
Cavus Feet
Osteochondroses/Apophysitis
Puncture Wounds of the Foot
Toe Deformities
Painful Foot
Shoes
Torsional and Angular Deformities
Normal Limb Development
Evaluation
Torsional Deformities
Coronal Plane Deformities
Congenital Angular Deformities of the Tibia and Fibula
Leg-Length Discrepancy
The Knee
Discoid Lateral Meniscus
Popliteal Cysts (Baker Cysts)
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Osgood-Schlatter Disease and Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Patellofemoral Instability
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
The Hip
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Transient Monoarticular Synovitis (Toxic Synovitis)
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
The Spine
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Congenital Scoliosis
Neuromuscular Scoliosis, Genetic Syndromes, and Compensatory Scoliosis
Kyphosis (Round-Back)
Back Pain in Children
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Spine Infection
Intervertebral Disk Herniation/Slipped Vertebral Apophysis
Tumors
The Neck
Torticollis
Klippel-Feil Syndrome
Cervical Anomalies and Instabilities
The Upper Limb
Arthrogryposis
Common Fractures
Unique Characteristics of Pediatric Fractures
Pediatric Fracture Patterns
Upper Extremity Fractures
Fractures of the Lower Extremity
Operative Treatment
Complications of Fractures in Children
Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Epidemiology and Prevention of Injuries
Management of Musculoskeletal Injury
Growth Plate Injuries
Shoulder Injuries
Elbow Injuries
Low Back Injuries
Hip and Pelvis Injuries
Knee Injuries
Lower Leg Pain: Shin Splints, Stress Fractures, and Chronic Compartent Syndrome
Ankle Injuries
Foot Injuries
Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)
Cervical Spine Injuries
Heat Injuries
Female Athletes: Menstrual Problems and the Risk of Osteopenia
Performance-Enhancing Aids
Specific Sports and Associated Injuries
General Considerations
Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins
Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors
Disorders Involving Ion Transporters
Disorders Involving Transcription Factors
Disorders Involving Defective Bone Resorption
Disorders for Which Defects Are Poorly Understood or Unknown
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Marfan Syndrome
Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation
Hypophosphatasia
Hyperphosphatasia
Osteoporosis
Evaluation of the Child for Rehabilitative Services
Rehabilitation for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury and Autonomic Crisis Management
Spasticity
Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy
Meningomyelocele (Spina Bifida)
Ambulation Assistance
Health and Wellness for Children with Disabilities
Home Mechanical Ventilation and Technology Dependence
Overview of Environmental Health and Children
Biologic Effects of Radiation on Children
Chemical Pollutants
Tobacco
Heavy Metal Intoxication
Lead Poisoning
Nonbacterial Food Poisoning
Mushroom Poisoning
Solanine Poisoning
Seafood Poisoning
Melamine Poisoning
Biologic and Chemical Terrorism
Mass Psychogenic Illness
Animal and Human Bites
Rat Bite Fever
Monkeypox
Envenomations
Laboratory Testing in Infants and Children
Reference Intervals for Laboratory Tests