Anatomy and Physiology in Healthcare (eBook)

 01.
Why is the human body the way it is?

1.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

1.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

1.2.1 Why the human body is the way it is

1.2.2 Single-celled and multicellular organisms

1.2.3 Homeostasis and homeodynamics

1.2.4 The internal environment and plasma

1.2.5 The homeodynamic process

1.2.6 The homeodynamic regulation of body temperature

1.3 Clinical application

1.4 Anatomical language

1.4.1 General anatomical terms

1.4.2 Body cavities

1.4.3 Body regions

1.5 Summary

1.6 Further reading

1.7 Self-assessment questions

02. Cells and their
environment

2.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

2.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

2.2.1 Types of cell: the diversity of life

2.2.2 Components of a eukaryotic cell

2.2.3 Organization of cells in
the body

2.3 Clinical application

2.4 Summary

2.5 Further reading

2.6 Self-assessment questions

03. Genetics: how cells divide and introduce
variation

3.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

3.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

3.2.1 The genome

3.2.2 Chromosomes

3.2.3 Cell division

3.2.4 Application of genetics to healthcare

3.3 Clinical application

3.4 Summary

3.5 Further reading

3.6 Self-assessment questions

04. Communication: short and fast

4.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

4.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

4.2.1 Characteristics of a biological communication system

4.2.2 The nervous system: structural organization

4.2.3 Nervous tissue

4.2.4 Functional organization of
the nervous system

4.2.5 The generation and
propagation of an action potential

4.2.6 The central nervous system:
the brain and spinal cord

4.2.7 Neuronal pathways and
tracts of the brain and spinal cord

4.2.8 Protection and nourishment
of the brain and spinal cord

4.2.9 The peripheral nervous
system (cranial nerves and spinal nerves)

4.2.10 The autonomic nervous
system

4.3 Clinical application

4.4 Summary

4.5 Further reading

4.6 Self-assessment questions

05. Communication: long and slow

5.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

5.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

5.2.1 The endocrine system

5.2.2 Protein hormones

5.2.3 Lipid-derivative hormones 

5.2.4 How hormones exert an
effect

5.2.5 Major endocrine glands and
tissues

5.3 Clinical application

5.4 Summary

5.5 Further reading

5.6 Self-assessment questions

06. How the external environment is interpreted

6.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

6.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

6.2.1 Sensation and perception

6.2.2 Vision and the eye

6.2.3 Taste and smell

6.2.4 Hearing

6.2.5 Touch

6.3 Clinical application

6.4 Summary

6.5 Further reading

6.6 Self-assessment questions

07. Why food is needed: the chemical basis of
health

7.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

7.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

7.2.1 The driving force behind cellular processes and
activities

7.2.2 Components of food

7.2.3 Making nutrients in food
available

7.3 Clinical application

7.4 Summary

7.5 Further reading

7.6 Self-assessment questions

08. The importance of water and electrolytes

8.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

8.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

8.2.1 Water and electrolytes

8.2.2 Functions of the kidney

8.3 Clinical application

8.4 Summary

8.5 Further reading

8.6 Self-assessment questions

09. Organs need to be perfused

9.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

9.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and physiology

9.2.1 Structure and function of blood vessels

9.2.2 Blood flow and perfusion

9.2.3 The heart: structure and function

9.2.4 Blood pressure

9.2.5 Blood composition and
function

9.3 Clinical application

9.4 Summary

9.5 Further reading

9.6 Self-assessment questions

10. The body needs oxygen

10.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

10.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and
physiology

10.2.1 Upper respiratory tract

10.2.2 Lower respiratory tract

10.2.3 Lung tissue and the bronchial tree

10.2.4 Ventilation and the mechanics of breathing

10.2.5 Respiratory volumes and
capacities

10.2.6 Exchange and
transportation of gases

10.2.7 Regulation of breathing by
chemoreceptors

10.3 Clinical application

10.4 Summary

10.5 Further reading

10.6 Self-assessment questions

11. Protection from harm

11.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

11.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and
physiology

11.2.1 Lymphatic structures support immunity

11.2.2 Innate immunity – physical defences

11.2.3 Recognition of microorganisms by innate immunity

11.2.4 Innate immunity – cellular defences

11.2.5
Innate immunity – humoral defences

11.2.6 Acute inflammation

11.2.7 Adaptive immunity

11.3 Clinical application

11.4 Summary

11.5 Further reading

11.6 Self-assessment questions

12. Skin: our protective cover

12.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

12.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and
physiology

12.2.1 Structure of the skin

12.2.2 Factors affecting the skin

12.2.3 Wound healing

12.3 Clinical application

12.4 Summary

12.5 Further reading

12.6 Self-assessment questions

13. Achieving movement

13.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

13.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and
physiology

13.2.1 Bones

13.2.2 The joints

13.2.3 Muscles

13.3 Clinical application

13.4 Summary

13.5 Further reading

13.6 Self-assessment questions

14. From one generation to the next

14.1 Introduction and clinical relevance

14.2 What you need to know – essential anatomy and
physiology

14.2.1 Structure and function of the male reproductive
system

14.2.3 Structure and function of
the female reproductive system

14.3 Clinical application

14.4 Summary

14.5 Further reading

14.6
Self-assessment questions