Thyroid and Parathyroid Diseases

Tamer Özülker, MD, is Associate Professor of Nuclear Medicine at the University of Health Sciences (SBÜ), Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. He is a graduate of the Medical School of the University of Hacettepe, Ankara and completed his nuclear medicine residency at Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital. Dr. Özülker has published a number of peer-reviewed scientific articles in high-impact journals and is a co-editor of the 2015 Springer book Atlas of PET-CT Imaging in Oncology - A Case-Based Guide to Image Interpretation as well as a previous Atlas of Bone Scintigraphy. He serves as associate editor of the Okmeydani Medical Journal. His clinical and research interests include PET-CT, PET-MRI, and thyroid diseases. Mine Adas, MD, is Associate Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University of Health Sciences (SBÜ), Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. She is a graduate of the Istanbul University School of Medicine. She completed her internal medicine residency at Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital and then undertook her endocrinology training at Istanbul University School of Medicine, where she became a qualified endocrinologist in the year 2000. Dr. Adas has published a number of peer-reviewed scientific articles. Her clinical and research interests include thyroid, parathyroid, and suprarenal diseases. She is a member of the Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Stem Cell and Stem Cell Therapy Association, and the European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society. Semra Günay, MD, is a specialist in breast and endocrine surgery who currently works at the University of Health Sciences (SBÜ), Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. She is a graduate of the Istanbul University School of Medicine and completed her general surgery residency in the same faculty. She has published a number of peer-reviewed scientific articles and is one of the authors of the Turkish language book Trauma (ISBN 9789756395240). Dr. Günay has participated in the educational work of the Turkish Surgical Association and has worked as an instructor on postgraduate training courses in the field of endocrine surgery. She is coordinator and founder of Istanbul Endocrine Meetings (ISTET) and member of editorial board of Okmeydani Medical Journal.

PART I. BENIGN THYROID DISEASES:Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis in a case with multinodular goiter.- Factitious hyperthyroidism.- Management of Resistant Hyperthyroidism Following Obesity Surgery.- Toxic multinodular goiter  in a patient who has been followed up with the diagnosis of Hashimoto Thyroiditis and has normal TSH values.- Acut suppurative  thyroiditis.- Graves Ophtalmopathy.- Surgery in Graves disease.- Surgery in Hyperthyrodism: Toxic adenoma and/or multinodular goiter.- A Case of Sarcoidosis, Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, and Graves' Disease in the Thyroid Gland.- A patient presenting with an incidentally found hypermetabolic  thyroid nodule on FDG-PET/CT.- Management of a thyroid nodule hypoactive on thyroid scintigraphy and has egg shell calcification on USG.- Percutaneous ethanol injection  in a patient with cystic thyroid nodule.- Fibrin injection in hemorrhagic cystic thyroid nodule.- Should calcitonin be measured in every thyroid nodule ?.- The role of thyroid scintigraphy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules in patients with normal TSH.- Incidentally detected thyroid follicular adenoma on myocard perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m MIBI.- Follicular neoplasia.- A gray zone in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology: AUS-FLUS.- Is surgery the treatment of choice for every thyroid nodule?.- Follow-up of nodular-multinodular goiter: When should the operation be performed?.- Recurrent Nodular Goiter.- Intrathoracic goiter.- Persistent hypothyroidism despite Levothyroxine replacement therapy: Malabsorption or patient noncompliance.- Malpractice and ethical violations in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.- Application of Ultrasound by the Surgeon in Thyroid-Parathyroid Surgery.- Intraoperative nerve monitorization.- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Thyroid Surgery with Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring.- PART II.  THYROID CANCER: Preoperative cervical  US mapping  in a patient undergoing thyroidectomy for malignant cytologic findings.- Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Microcarcinoma.- A patient presented with extensive lung metastases of papillary carcinoma without any primary focus detected on total thyroidectomy.- Thyrotoxicosis caused by functioning metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer.- Papillary thyroid carcinoma.- Papillary thyroid carcinoma with central lymph node metastases.- A case of Papillary Cancer of the Thyroid with Minimal Extra-thyroidal Extension.- Therapeutic Neck Dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer: To Whom and To What Extent?.- Prophylactic unilateral neck dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer.- Surgical treatment  of locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer.- Completion thyroidectomy in a patient with differentiated thyroid cancer.- 18F-FDG PET/CT in the initial staging of differentiated  thyroid cancer.- A Case of a Papillary Thyroid Cancer with Gross Residual Disease After Surgery.- The effect of positive surgical margins afterthyroidectomy on patient prognosis in cases with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.- Low-dose radioiodine  therapy in well differentiated carcinoma.- Dosimetric approach in metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer and  hyperthyroidism.- Anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity during follow-up of a patient with differentiated thyroid cancer.- A patient with differentiated thyroid cancer with Tg values constantly above normal  but  not increasing gradually.- A Patient with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and biochemical incomplete response with gradually increasing Tg values and negative imaging studies.- Rosiglitazone effect on radioiodine uptake in a case of dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma.- Management of recurrent lymph nodes in central and lateral neck in the follow up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma .- Minimally invasive follicular carcinoma.- Follicular thyroid cancer and bone metastasis.- Differentiated thyroid cancer and brain metastasis.- Differentiated thyroid cancer and pulmonary metastasis.- Targeted systemic therapy may be promising in radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.- Targeted systemic therapy in  patients with radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.- Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma with Iodine-Avid Bone Metastases Showing Mild Uptake on Both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT.- Somatostatin receptor imaging in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.- Anaplastic carcinoma.- The Clinical Management of a Patient with Insular Thyroid Carcinoma.- Prophylactic and therapeutic surgery in familial medullary thyroid cancer.- Sporadic Medullary Cancer.- Concurrent papillary thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer.- Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.- Hurthle cell carcinoma.- Thyroid lymphoma.- Radioiodine therapy during breastfeeding.- A child  with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Role of Radioactive Iodine Therapy in pediatric patients.- Pediatric PTC with diffuse lung metastases: pulmonary function testingand steroid therapy prior to RAI.- PART  III. PARATHYROID DISEASES: Ectopic parathyroid adenoma.- Parathyroid adenoma which was negative on Tc99m-MIBI scintigraphy and considered as paratracheal lymphadenopathy on other imaging studies.- Brown tumor due to primary hyperparathyroidism disguised as lung cancer in a patient with rib lesions.- Radiofrequency ablation in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism.- Clinical usefulness of an intraoperative "quick parathyroid hormone" measurement in primary hyperparathyroidism management.- Robot-assisted Endoscopic Mediastinal Parathyroidectomy.- Focused parathyroidectomy.- Subtotal glandectomy in Hyperparathyroidism.- Success of reoperative neck surgery in persistent hyperparathyroidism.- Postoperative hyperparathyroidism in differentiated  thyroid cancer.