Breaking Down Barriers (eBook)

Dr Patrick Langdon is an experimental psychologist who has contributed to cognitive science, artificial intelligence, robotics and psychophysics. Now at the Cambridge University Engineering Design Centre his most recent research has been in Inclusive User Centred Design, interaction design, prior experience, and multimodal interface profiling from cognitive modelling. Dr Langdon was primary author and co-investigator of the successful EPSRC EQUAL “i~design 3” consortium project; “Extending Active Living Through More Effective Inclusive Design” (2006-2011), which he also managed. He was invited to join phase 2 of the (EPSRC/DST) India-UK Advanced Technology Centre, a centre of excellence for next generation network systems and services, where, with a team of recruited research associates he has built on recent success developing UI technology to support adaptive user interfaces that are accessible to the wider range of users, having impact in both the UK and India. Pat Langdon is the Author and Co-PI of five new EPSRC and Industry funded projects, all concerned with user centred design for new Human Machine Interfaces, in the application areas of Automotive, Aerospace and wireless communications in emergencies.Jonathan Lazar is a professor of computer and information sciences, director of the undergraduate program in information systems, and founder and director of the Universal Usability Laboratory, all at Towson University. His research focuses on understanding how people with disabilities interact with technologies, how improved interface design can change the quality of life for people with disabilities, and how human-computer interaction and public policy influence each other. During the 2012-2013 academic year, Dr. Lazar was the Shutzer Fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, researching the relationship between web-based interfaces that are inaccessible to people with disabilities, and how those inaccessible interfaces lead to forms of discrimination that are illegal under US law. Lazar has published more than 120 refereed articles in journals, books, and conference proceedings. He has also authored three books and edited three, including Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction (Wiley, 2010), Universal Usability: Designing Computer Interfaces for Diverse User Populations (Wiley, 2007), and Web Usability: A User-Centered Design Approach (Addison Wesley, 2006). He was awarded a 2011 University System of Maryland Board of Regents Faculty Award for Public Service, a 2010 Dr. Jacob Bolotin Award from the National Federation of the Blind for working towards achieving the full integration of the blind into society on a basis of equality, and a 2009 Innovator of the Year Award from the Maryland Daily Record for his work on improving the accessibility of web-based security features. He currently serves as chair of public policy for ACM SIGCHI (the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction).Ann Heylighen is a professor in the Research[x]Design group of the Department of Architecture at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven). Her main research interests are situated at the interface of design studies and social sciences. She is particularly interested in issues concerning inclusivity and is currently leading several research projects on dialogues between architectural design and disability.Ann was awarded several research grants, including a Starting Grant and Proof-of-Concept Grant of the European Research Council. She is a member of the editorial board of CoDesign, and a member of the KU Leuven Research Council.Ann studied engineering/architecture at KU Leuven and ETH Zürich, and completed a PhD at KU Leuven. After conducting postdoctoral research at Harvard University and the University of California-Berkeley, she was appointed research professor in Leuven in 2006.Hua Dong is Professor at the College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University. She had 12-year research and teaching experience in the United Kingdom (postdoctoral researcher at the University of Cambridge and Royal College of Art, and senior lecturer at Brunel University, London).Hua studied design at the College of Architectural Design and Urban Planning, Tongji University, with a BEng. in Industrial Design and MA in Architectural Design and Theory. She obtained her PhD degree from the University of Cambridge.Hua has published over 100 papers, and has been a Principal Investigator for a number of research projects in the UK and China. She is directly involved in the teaching of design at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.Hua founded the Inclusive Design Research Group at Brunel University and Tongji University. She is the international coordinator of the Inclusive Design Research Interest Group (InclusiveSIG), and serves as a council member of the Design Research Society (DRS).

Preface 5
Contents 8
Contributors 11
Breaking Down Barriers Between Disciplines 14
1 Creating an Inclusive Architectural Intervention as a Research Space to Explore Community Well-being 15
Abstract 15
1 Introduction 15
2 Addressing Suicide in Derry/Londonderry 16
3 Our Future Foyle 19
4 The Tale of the Whale 21
5 Extending Inclusive Consultations Through Events 22
6 Design Proposals 24
7 Conclusions 26
References 27
2 The Effect of Age and Gender on Task Performance in the Automobile 28
Abstract 28
1 Introduction 28
1.1 Age and Gender Differences 30
2 An Experimental Study 31
2.1 Study Design and Procedure 31
2.2 Results and Analysis 32
2.2.1 Standard Wheel Position Variation 33
2.2.2 Mean Number of Button Presses and Glances Per Task 33
3 Discussion and Design Implications 34
4 Conclusions 36
Acknowledgements 36
References 37
3 Introducing Assistive Technology and Universal Design Theory, Applications in Design Education 39
Abstract 39
1 Introduction 39
2 Method 40
3 Results 43
4 Discussion 47
5 Future Suggestions 48
Acknowledgements 48
References 49
4 Exploring User Capability Data with Topological Data Analysis 50
Abstract 50
1 Introduction 50
2 Background 51
3 Methodology 52
4 Results 53
5 Discussion and Conclusion 58
References 59
5 Enhancing the Fashion and Textile Design Process and Wearer Experiences 60
Abstract 60
1 Introduction 60
2 Fashion Industry and Sustainability 61
3 Wearer Behaviour, Emotion and Sensory Factors 61
4 Design Thinking 62
5 Applied Vibrotactile Systems 63
6 Conclusions 67
References 68
Breaking Down Barriers Between Users, Designers and Developers 71
6 Using Inclusive Design to Drive Usability Improvements Through to Implementation 72
Abstract 72
1 Introduction 72
1.1 Case Study 74
2 Develop a Proof-of-Concept Prototype 75
2.1 Case Study 75
3 Enable Stakeholders to Experience the Issue 76
3.1 Case Study 77
4 Quantify It 79
4.1 Case Study 80
5 Conclusion 81
Acknowledgements 81
References 82
7 Improving Pool Design: Interviewing Physically Impaired Architects 83
Abstract 83
1 Introduction 83
2 Context 85
3 Methodology 86
4 Results 87
5 Discussion 89
6 Conclusions 91
Acknowledgements 92
References 92
8 Intelligent Support Technologies for Older People: An Analysis of Characteristics and Roles 94
Abstract 94
1 Introduction 94
2 Terminology 96
3 A Classification of Intelligent Support Technologies (ISTs) for Older People 98
4 Conclusions 101
References 102
9 Participatory Design Resulting in a ‘Do-It-Yourself Home Modification’ Smartphone App 105
Abstract 105
1 Introduction and Background 105
2 Aims and Methods 107
3 Participatory Action Research Sessions 108
3.1 Workshop 1—Formulation of the Design Brief for the App 109
3.2 Workshop 2—Feedback on Initial Framework for the DIYmodify App 110
3.3 Workshop 3—Feedback on the User Interface for the App 112
4 Beta Testing 112
5 Conclusions 113
References 114
10 Identifying Barriers to Usability: Smart Speaker Testing by Military Veterans with Mild Brain Injury and PTSD 116
Abstract 116
1 Introduction 116
2 Smart Speakers: PTSD and Mild TBI 117
3 Consumer Technology: Accessibility as a Fundamental Need 118
4 Smart Speakers and Usability 118
5 Methodology 119
6 Results 121
7 Conclusions 124
Acknowledgments 124
References 124
Removing Barriers to Usability, Accessibility and Inclusive Design 126
11 Breaking Down Barriers: Promoting a New Look at Dementia-Friendly Design 127
Abstract 127
1 Introduction 128
2 Why Do We Need Dementia-Friendly Design? 128
3 What Is Dementia-Friendly Design? 129
4 Barriers to the Creation and Implementation of Dementia-Friendly Design 130
5 Breaking Down Barriers: Does Dementia-Friendly Design Have to Look Different? 131
6 Conclusions 133
References 134
12 Usability of Indoor Network Navigation Solutions for Persons with Visual Impairments 136
Abstract 136
1 Introduction 137
2 Methods 138
2.1 Sample 138
2.2 Protocol 139
2.3 Measuring Usability 140
3 Analysis 141
3.1 Effectiveness 141
3.2 Efficiency 142
3.3 Satisfaction 143
4 Discussion and Conclusion 144
References 145
13 Physical Barriers to Mobility of Stroke Patients in Rehabilitation Clinics 147
Abstract 147
1 Introduction 147
2 Context 148
3 Methods and Participants 149
4 Findings from Patient and Staff Questionnaires 150
4.1 Staff Perspective 150
4.1.1 Importance of Patients’ Independent Mobility 151
4.1.2 Barriers that Patients Encounter in the Physical Environment 152
4.2 Patient Perspective 152
5 Findings from the Observations 153
6 Implications for Architectural Design 155
7 Discussion and Conclusion 156
Acknowledgments 156
References 156
14 A Practical Tool for the Evaluation of Contrast 158
Abstract 158
1 Introduction 158
2 The Calculation of Contrast 159
3 The Development of a Calculation Tool 160
4 Important Considerations 162
5 Signage 164
6 Conclusions 167
References 167
Breaking Down Barriers Between People with Impairments and Those Without 168
15 Breaking Down Barriers Between Undergraduate Computing Students and Users with Disabilities 169
Abstract 169
1 Introduction 169
2 The Need for Accessibility Content in the Curriculum 170
3 Logistics and the Need to Leave the Campus 171
3.1 Limited Number of Technologies on Campus 171
3.2 Limited Number of People on Campus 171
3.3 Just Bringing People to Campus Isn’t a Good Idea 172
3.4 Before Understanding Technology, You Need to Understand Capability 172
4 The “Interface Design for Blind Users” Class 173
5 Projects in the Class and Breaking Down Barriers 174
6 Summary 176
Acknowledgements 177
References 177
16 Improving Design Understanding of Inclusivity in Autonomous Vehicles: A Driver and Passenger Taskscape Approach 178
Abstract 178
1 New Wave of Autonomous Vehicles 179
2 Public Perception of Autonomous Vehicles 180
3 Future Autonomous Vehicle Users 181
4 Driver and Passenger Taskscape Analysis 181
5 Case Study 185
6 Discussion 187
6.1 Assistance and Adaptation 187
6.2 Training and Licencing 188
7 Conclusions 189
Acknowledgements 189
References 189
17 The Role of Inclusive Design in Improving People’s Access to Treatment for Back Pain 191
Abstract 191
1 Introduction 192
1.1 Inclusive Design 192
1.2 Back Pain 192
1.3 Patients’ Capabilities 193
1.4 Care Journeys (Pathways) 193
1.5 Inclusive Design and Patients’ Access to the ‘Physio-Direct’ Service 193
1.6 The Research Gap 194
2 Methods and Results 194
2.1 Online Survey 194
2.2 Interviews 195
2.3 Exclusion Analysis 196
2.3.1 Estimate Demand of ‘Physio-Direct’ Service on Patients 196
2.3.2 Estimate the Proportion of the Excluded British Population (Quantitative Analysis) 199
3 Discussion 200
4 Conclusions 201
Acknowledgements 201
References 202
18 Inclusivity Considerations for Fully Autonomous Vehicle User Interfaces 203
Abstract 203
1 Introduction 203
2 Related Work 204
2.1 Travellers’ Needs and Public Introduction of Driverless Vehicles 204
2.2 User Experience of Autonomous Vehicles 205
2.3 Expected Baseline User Interface for 2017–2020 205
3 Research Design 206
3.1 Purpose and Methods of Study 206
3.2 Participants and Interview Structure 206
3.3 Apparatus and Interview Analysis 207
4 Results and Discussion 207
5 Conclusions 209
References 209
19 At Home in the Hospital and Hospitalised at Home: Exploring Experiences of Cancer Care Environments 211
Abstract 211
1 Introduction 211
2 Context 212
3 Method 213
4 Experiencing the Cancer Care Environment 214
4.1 Home, Transit and Hospital 214
4.2 As a Result of Treatment 218
5 Discussion and Conclusion 219
Acknowledgements 221
References 221
20 Do Exergames Motivate Seniors to Exercise? Computer Graphics Impact 223
Abstract 223
1 Introduction 223
2 Methodology 224
2.1 Input from Professional 226
2.2 Motion Selection 226
2.3 Games Design 227
3 Experiment 228
4 Results and Discussion 229
5 Conclusions 230
Acknowledgements 230
References 230
Breaking Down Barriers Between Research and Policy-making 232
21 On Becoming a Cyborg: A Reflection on Articulation Work, Embodiment, Agency and Ableism 233
Abstract 233
1 Introduction 233
2 Method 234
3 System Description 235
4 Findings 236
4.1 In the Beginning… of ‘Bots and Beings’ 236
4.2 Embodiment and Handless Feeling 239
4.3 Agency, Embodiment and Comings and Goings 240
5 Conclusions 241
Acknowledgements 242
References 242
22 Breaking Well-Formed Opinions and Mindsets by Designing with People Living with Dementia 244
Abstract 244
1 Introduction 244
2 The Nature of Dementia 245
3 Designing with People Living with Dementia 246
3.1 Disrupting Dementia Tartan 248
3.2 Designed with Me 250
3.3 75BC 252
4 Conclusions 253
References 254
23 The Effect of Simulation in Large-Scale Data Collection—An Example of Password Policy Development 256
Abstract 256
1 Introduction 256
2 Background 258
3 Simulation Design 259
3.1 Simulation Design 260
3.2 Simulation Execution—Scenario 1: Setting up Password 261
3.3 Experiment Execution—Scenario 2: Changing Password 262
4 Results and Discussions 262
5 Conclusions 264
6 Limitations and Future Direction 265
References 266
24 Education and Existing Knowledge of Architects in Germany About Accessibility and Building for the Older Generation 267
Abstract 267
1 Introduction 268
2 Education, Further Training and Existing Knowledge of Architects 268
2.1 Education of Architecture Students at the Nine Leading Technical Universities in Germany 268
2.2 Existing Knowledge of Architects 271
2.3 Further Training of Architects 274
3 Conclusions 274
Acknowledgements 276
References 276
Author Index 277