Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (eBook)

Chapter 1: NMR Books and Reviews; 1: Books; 2: Regular Reviews Series; 3: Edited Books and Symposia; 4: Reviews in Periodicals; 5: Reviews and Books in Foreign Languages; Chapter 2: Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding; 1: Theoretical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding; 1.1: General Theory; 1.2: Ab initio and DFT Calculations; 2: Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding; 2.1: Anisotropy of the Shielding Tensor; 2.2: Shielding Surfaces and Rovibrational Averaging; 2.3:Isotope Shifts; 2.4: Intermolecular Effects on Nuclear Shielding; 2.5: Absolute Shielding Scales; References; Chapter 3: Application of Nuclear Shielding; 1: Introduction; 2: Shielding of Particular Nuclear Species; 2.1: Group 1 (1H, 2H, 6,7Li, 23Na, 39K, 87Rb, 133Cs); 2.2: Group 2 (9Be, 25Mg, 87Sr, 137Ba); 2.3: Group 3 (45Sc, 89Y, 139La, 171Yb, 235U); 2.4: Group 4 (47,49Ti, 91Zr); 2.5: Group 5 (51V and 93Nb); 2.6: Group 6 (53Cr, 95Mo, 183W); 2.7: Group 7 (55Mn, 99Tc); 2.8: Group 8 (57Fe, 99Ru); 2.9: Group 9 (59Co, 103Rh); 2.10: Group 10 (195Pt); 2.11: Group 11 (63Cu, 107,109Ag); 2.12: Group 12 (67Zn, 111,113Cd, 199Hg); 2.13: Group 13 (11B, 27Al, 205Tl); 2.14: Group 14 (13C, 29Si, 73Ge, 117,119Sn, 207Pb); 2.15: Group 15 (14,15N, 31P); 2.16: Group 16 (17O, 33S, 77Se, 125Te); 2.17: Group 17 (19F, 35,37Cl); 2.18: Group 18 (3He, 129Xe); References; Chapter 4: Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings; 1: Introduction; 2: Relativistic Calculation of Nuclear Spin-Spin Couplings; 3: Decomposition of Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants into Orbital Contributions; 4: Ab initio Calculation; 4.1: Fourier Analysis; 4.2: One-bond Coupling Constants in Monomers and Hydrogen-bonded Complexes; 4.3: A Factorial Design Analysis of Wave Functions to be Used; 4.4: Solvent Effects on the Spin-Spin Coupling Constants of Acetylene; 4.5: Non-empirical Calculations of Carbon-Carbon Coupling Constants in Alkanes; 5: Density Functional Theory Calculations of Spin-Spin Coupling Constants; 5.1: H-D Coupling Constants in Heavy Metal Dihydrogen and Dihydride Complexes; 5.2: Calculations of Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in Large Molecules; 5.3: Heteronuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants; 5.4: The Performance of New Exchange-Correlation Functionals; 5.5: The Temperature Dependence of the H-D Spin-Spin Coupling Constant; 5.6: Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants Including Phosphorus; 5.7: Substituent Effects on Spin-Spin Coupling Constants; 5.8: Anomeric Effect and Conformational Analysis; 5.9: Spin-Spin Couplings of Hydrogen-bonded Nuclei; 6: Other Works; 6.1: Empirical and Semiempirical Calculations; 6.2: The Absolute Sign of Coupling Constants; 6.3: Conformational Analysis; References; Chapter 5: Applications of Spin-Spin Couplings; 1: Introduction; 2: New Methods; 3: One-bond Couplings to Hydrogen; 4: One-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen; 5: Two-bond Couplings to Hydrogen; 6: Two-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen; 7: Three-bond Hydrogen-Hydrogen Couplings; 8: Three-bond Couplings to Hydrogen; 9: Three-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen; 10: Couplings over More than Three Bonds and Through Space; 11: Couplings Through Hydrogen Bonds; 12: Residual Dipolar Couplings; References; Chapter 6: Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases; 1: Introduction; 2: General, Physical and Experimental Aspects of Nuclear Spin Relaxation; 2.1: General Aspects; 2.2: Experimental Aspects; 2.3: Relaxation in Coupled Spin Systems; 2.4: Dipolar Couplings and Distance Information; 2.5: Exchange Spectroscopy; 2.6: Radiation Damping; 2.7: Quadrupolar Interactions; 2.8: Intermolecular Dipolar Interaction in Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Solution; 2.9: Slow Motions in Glasses; 2.10: Models for Molecular Dynamics; 3: Selected Applications of Nuclear Spin Relaxation; 3.1 : Pure Liquids ; 3.2 : Non-electrolyte Solutions ; 3.3: Electrolyte Solutions; 3.4: Molten Salts; 4: Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Gases; 5: Self-diffusion in Liquids; 5.1: Experimental and Theoretical Aspects; 5.2: Selected Examples; References; Chapter 7: Solid State NMR Spectroscopy; 1: Introduction; 2: Reviews and Introductory Articles; 3: Experimental Developments; 3.1: Proton NMR; 3.2: Decoupling; 3.3: Cross-polarisation and Polarisation Transfer; 3.4: 2D Techniques; 3.5: Quadrupolar Nuclei; 3.6: Other Experiments; 3.7: Instrumental Developments; 4: NMR Parameters: Experimental and Theoretical Studies; 4.1: Spin ¢ Nuclei; 4.2: Quadrupolar Nuclei; 5: Applications; 5.1: Organic Solids; 5.2: Amino Acids; 5.3: Peptides and Proteins; 5.4: Lipids and Membranes; 5.5: Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; 5.6: Cellulose and Related Materials; 5.7: Soils and Related Materials; 5.8: Coals and Carbonaceous Materials; 5.9: Polymers; 5.10: Organometallic and Coordination Compounds; 5.11: Glasses and Amorphous Solids; 5.12: Microporus Solids and Related Materials; 5.13: Surface Science and Catalysis; 5.14: Inorganic and Other Related Solids; References; Chapter 8: Multiple Pulse NMR; 1: Introduction; 2: General Methods and Theoretical Developments; 3: Fast Multidimensional Methods; 3.1: Reduced Sampling; 3.2: Reduced Dimensionality; 3.3: Using Multidimensional Projections; 3.4: Small Molecules; 4: Relaxation and Diffusion; 4.1: Measurement of Chemical Exchange Contribution; 4.2: Cross-correlated Relaxation Experiments; 4.3: Diffusion Experiments; 5: Coupling Constants Measurements; 5.1: Scalar Couplings; 5.2: Residual Dipolar Couplings; 6: Homonuclear Spectroscopy; 7: Inverse Proton Detected Correlation Spectroscopy; 7.1: Double-resonance Experiments; 7.2: Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Experiments; References; Chapter 9: NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids; 1: Introduction; 2: New Methodology; 2.1: Automated Analysis; 2.2: Dipolar Couplings; 2.3: TROSY-based Techniques; 2.4: NMR-based Screening; 3 : Macromolecular Structures ; 3.1 : Membrane Proteins ; 3.2 : Macromolecular Complexes ; 4: Protein Folding; References; Chapter 10: NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes; 1: Introduction; 2:Methods in NMR Spectroscopy, Computational Methods and Databases; 3: Cyclodextrins and Other Inclusion Complexes for Drug Delivery; 4: Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions; 5: Synthetic Targets; 6: Surfactants; 7: Glycolipids, Lipoproteins and Metabonomics; 8: Membrane Interactions; 9: Plant and Microorganism Natural Products and Enzymes; 10: Other Enzyme Studies; References; Chapter 11: Synthetic Macromolecules; 1: Introduction; 2: Primary Structure; 3: Liquid Crystalline Polymers; 4: Imaging; 5: Characterization of the Synthetic Macromolecules; 6: Polymer Blend of the Synthetic Macromolecules; 7: Dynamics of the Synthetic Macromolecules; References; Chapter 12: NMR in Living Systems; 1: General Applications and Methodologies; 1.1: Relaxation and Diffusion; 1.2: Metabolites, pH and Ions; 1.3: Spectral Techniques; 2: Cells; 2.1: Bacteria; 2.2: Blood; 2.3: Tumour; 2.4: Yeast and Fungi; 3: Plants; 3.1: Plant Tissues; 3.2: Plant Cells; 4: Tissues; 4.1: Brain; 4.2: Eye; 4.3: Heart; 4.4:Liver; 4.5: Tumour; 4.6: Whole Organisms; 5: Clinical Studies; 5.1: Reviews; 5.2: CNS; 5.3: Diabetes; 5.4: Liver; 5.5: Muscle; 5.6: Reproductive; References; Chapter 13: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 1: Introduction; 2: Nobel Lecture and Reviews; 3: Instruments and Materials; 3.1: Imaging System; 3.2: Probe, Resonator, Coil and Tranceiver; 3.3: Tunable Fiber Laser for Polarized gases; 3.4: High Temperature Systems; 4: Pulse Sequences and Data Processing; 4.1: Pulse Sequences; 4.2: Data Processing; 5: Hyperpolarized Noble Gases, Gas Phase Imaging and Nanopore Microstructure; 5.1: Reviews; 5.2: Hyperpolarized Xe Ice and Xe Complex; 5.3: Imaging via Xe Gas; 5.4: Application to Brain and Lung; 6: Dynamics - Flow, Dispersion and Velocity Imaging; 6.1: Velocimetry; 6.2: Gas Flow; 6.3: Flow in Gel Suspensions; 6.4: Dispersion in Porous Media and Reactor; 6.5: Steady State Flow in Porous Media; 7: Polymer; 7.1: Characterization; 7.2: Process Analysis - Desiccation; 7.3: Process Analysis - Water Absorption; 7.4: Process Analysis - Diffusion; 7.5: Polymer Gel - Structure; 7.6: Tablet Disintegration, Swelling, Drug Release; 7.7: Elastgraphy; 8: Chemical Engineering and Industrial Application; 8.1: Process Analysis - Drying Process; 8.2: Water Diffusion and Hydration; 8.3: Drop Freezing Process; 8.4: Suspension in Gas Flow; 8.5: Asphalts; 8.6: Dispersion, Distribution, Transport Process; 8.7: Kinetics; 9: Plant; 10: Food; 10.1: Review; 10.2: Moisture Migration; 10.3: Rice Cooking; 10.4: Dough; 10.5: Viscosity of Milk; 10.6: Fruits and Vegetables; 11: Contrast Agent; 11.1: Review; 11.2: New Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent; 11.3: Molecular Imaging; 11.4: Tunable Imaging; 11.5: Monitoring Liver Iron Content; 11.6: Mn-enhanced MRI; 12: Ex Vivo; 12.1: Cartilage; 12.2: Apoptosis; 12.3: Novel Drug Development; 13: In Vivo Application; 13.1: Reviews; 13.2: High Field CSL; 13.3: Angeogenesis in Brain; 13.4: Perfusion; 13.5: Diffusion, Flow and Permeation; 13.6: Oxidative Metabolite and Stress; 13.7: Transplanted Stem Cell; References; Chapter 14: Oriented Molecules; 1: Introduction; 2: Reviews, Theory and General Studies; 3: New Techniques; 4: Dynamic NMR Studies; 5: Chiral, Smectic, Lyotropic and Polymeric Systems; 6: Relaxation Studies; 7: Orientational Order in Liquid Crystals; 8: Membranes and Molecules Oriented Therein; 9: Structure and Orientation of Small Molecules; 10: Quantum Computing; 11: Weak Ordering and Biomolecular Studies; 11.1: Revies and General Studies; 11.2: Orienting Media; 11.3: New Experimental Methodologies; 11.4: New Pulse Schemes; 11.5: Computational Methods; 11.6: Structure, Conformation, Orientation and Dynamic Studies; References; Chapter 15: NMR of Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions; 1: Introduction; 2: General Articles: Reviews, Methods, Models; 2.1: Droplet Sizing in Emulsions; 3: Liquid Crystals; 3.1: Thermotropic Liquid Crystals; 3.2: Lyotropic Liquid Crystals; 4: Micellar Solutions; 4.1: Micelles in Amphiphile-Solvent Systems; 4.2: Solubilization, Microemulsions and Emulsions; References