Consultation in Neurourology (eBook)

Jacques Corcos, CMS, MD, FRCS Professor of Surgery (Urology) Department of Urology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Pavilion E,H3T 1E2, Montréal, Québec, Canada                           Mikolaj Przydacz, MD Department of Urology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Pavilion E,H3T 1E2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Table of Contents   Foreword(s) Preface Part I INTRODUCTION   Chapter 1 Book Presentation with Overview of Bladder Physiology   Book Presentation Organization of Summaries and Recommendations Overview of the Physiology of Lower Urinary Tract   Chapter 2 Neurogenic Bladder Pathophysiology   Introduction Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity Neurogenic Detrusor Underactivity Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergia Neurogenic Sphincter Deficiency Conclusion   Chapter 3 Pathologies Responsible for the Development of the Neurogenic Bladder   Introduction Traumatic Entities and their Neuro-Urological Consequences Head Injury Spinal Cord Injury            Spinal shock             Suprasacral injury             Sacral injury             Spinal cord injury and bladder behaviour – general overview Non-Traumatic Entities and Their Neuro-Urological Consequences Suprapontine Lesion (Brain) Cerebrovascular accident Degeneration (Parkinsonian syndrome, Dementia) Brain Tumors Cerebral Palsy   Infrapontine-Suprasacral Lesion (Spinal Cord) Demyelination (Multiple sclerosis, Transverse myelitis) Spina Bifida Sacral-Infrasacral Lesion (Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System) Intervertebral Disk Prolapse Peripheral Neuropathies (Diabetes, Iatrogenic causes) Conclusion   Part II FIRST CONSULTATION OF PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY   Chapter 4 Medical History and Physical Examination   Introduction Medical History Physical Examination Conclusion   Chapter 5 Testing   Introduction Recommended Tests Urinalysis/urine Culture Blood Chemistry Voiding Diary Postvoid Residual Urinary Tract Ultrasound Elective Tests Urethrocystoscopy Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Other Uroflowmetry Urodynamic Testing Video-urodynamics Specialist Uro-neurophysiological Tests Conclusion   Chapter 6 Bladder Management and Follow-Up Plan   Introduction Bladder Management Follow-up Plan Conclusion   Part III CONSULTATIONS FOR MAIN COMPLAINTS IN NEUROGENIC BLADDERS   Chapter 7 Incontinence Due to Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity   Introduction Epidemiology Diagnosis History and Physical Examination Bladder Diary and Questionnaires Urinalysis and Urine Culture Pad-weighing Test Renal Evaluation Other Investigations Urodynamics             Involuntary detrusor contractions             Decreased bladder compliance             Increased bladder sensation             Decreased cystometric capacity Treatment Conservative Treatment Pharmacological Treatment             Oral administration             Transcutaneous administration             Intravesical administration Botulinum Toxin A Injections Neurostimulation/Neuromodulation             Sacral neuromodulation             Tibial nerve stimulation             Transcutaenous electrical nerve stimulationSurgery             Bladder augmentation and detrusor myectomy             Urinary diversion Conclusion   Chapter 8 Retention   Introduction Epidemiology Diagnosis History and Physical Examination Bladder Diary and Questionnaires Urinalysis and Urine Culture Uroflowmetry Postvoid Residual Renal Evaluation Bladder Ultrasound Other Investigations            Patients with retention due to neurogenic detrusor underactivity (Detrusor underactivity, Reduced bladder sensation, Increased cystometric capacity)             Patients with retention due to detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia Treatment Treatment of Patients with Retention Due to NDU             Intermittent catheterization             Indwelling catheterization             Sacral neuromodulation             Other modalities Treatment of Patients with Retention Due to DSD             Intermittent catheterization + pharmacotherapy Botulinum toxin A injections Sacral neuromodulation External sphincterotomy Indwelling catheteriation, urinary diversion Special Consideration for Patients With Detrusor Hyperactivity and Impaired Contractility Conclusion        Chapter 9 Incontinence Due to Neurogenic Sphincter Deficiency   Introduction Epidemiology Diagnosis Medical History Physical Examination Other Recommended and Elective Tests Urodynamics Treatment Conservative Treatment             Pelvic floor muscle therapy Surgery             Artificial urinary sphincter Slings             Bulking agents Artifical compression devices (balloon insertion) Invasive surgery Conclusion     Part IV CONSULTATIONS FOR COMPLICATIONS OF NEUROGENIC BLADDER   Chapter 10 Urinary Tract Infection   Introduction Definitions Epidemiology Diagnosis Symptoms and Signs Laboratory Testing Additional Testing Treatment Prevention Mechanical Strategies for UTI Prevention             Intermittent catheterization             Indwelling catheterization Medical Strategies for UTI prevention               Conclusion   Chapter 11 Urolithiasis   Introduction Epidemiology Risk Factors Stone Composition Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis Treatment Preoperative Considerations in Neurogenic Patents Suffering from Uroliathisis             Treatment Options Prevention Conclusion   Chapter 12 Hydronephrosis   Introduction Pathophysiology Diagnosis Medical History and Physical Examination Laboratory Testing Imaging             Ultrasound             Computed tomography             Other techniques Treatment Drainage             Percutaneous nephrostomy             Ureteral stents             Other Vesicoureteral Reflux Conclusion   Chapter 13 Renal Failure   Introduction Epidemiology Diagnosis Chronic Kidney Disease (Chronic Renal Failure)             Definitions and staging             Signs and symptoms             Laboratory data             Imaging studies Acute Kidney Injury             Definitions and staging            Signs and symptoms             Laboratory data             Imaging studies Treatment Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease             Urinary diversion             Renal replacement therapy Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury Conclusion   Chapter 14 Autonomic Dysreflexia   Introduction Pathophysiology Epidemiology Aetiology Diagnosis Symptoms and Signs Consequences Treatment Acute Management Chronic Management (Prevention) Conclusion   Chapter 15 Other (Bladder Cancer, Sexual Dysfunction)   Bladder cancer EpidemiologyRisk Factors Screening Diagnosis and Treatment Sexual Dysfunction Epidemiology Diagnosis Treatment             Management of sexual (erectile) dysfunction in the male Management of sexual dysfunction in the female) Conclusion   Chapter 16 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Neurogenic Bladder   Introduction Epidemiology Diagnosis Treatment Pharmacological Treatment Surgical Treatment Other Treatment Options Conclusion   Part V  PATIENT EDUCATION   Chapter 17 Patient Education   Introduction Intermittent Catheterization Behavioural Techniques Toileting Assistance Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy Lifestyle Intervention Care of Urinary Diversion Conclusion   Part VI REPORTS AND GUIDELINES   Chapter 18 Reports and Guidelines on Neurogenic Bladder   General Neurourological Guidelines Patients after Spinal Cord Injury Pediatric Patients Urodynamics Regional Guidelines