Ecotoxicity and Human Health

Introduction, F.J. de Serres and A.D. Bloom
Hazardous Waste: Nature, Extent, Effects, and Societal Responses, B.L. Johnson
Introduction
Nature and Extent of Waste Generation
Effects of Hazardous Waste on Human Health
Effects of Hazardous Waste on Ecosystems
Societal Response: Laws and International Conventions
Remediation of Hazardous Wastes
Societal Response: Environmental Ethics
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Ecotoxicology: Environmental Fate and Ecosystem Impact, C.E. Weinstein
The Relationship Between Human and Ecological Health
Biological Interactions with Environmental Contaminants
Modeling
Ecotoxicology and Biota
Ecosystem Effects of Persistent Toxicants
Considerations for Bioremediation
References
Integration of Complex Mixture Toxicity and Microbiological Analyses for Environmental Remediation Research, L.D. Claxton, V.S. Houk, and S.E. George
Understanding the Problems
Effect of the Dynamic Complexity of Hazardous Waste Sites Upon Understanding Potential Toxic Exposures
Research Strategies for Microorganisms
Impact of Integrated Biological Analyses Upon Exposure and Risk Assessment Methods
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Biomarkers of DNA Damage, L.R. Shugart
Biomarkers: An Overview
DNA Damage as a Biomarker
Strategies for Biomarker Use
Strategies for Biomarker Evaluation
In Situ Studies
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
In Situ Evaluation of Genetic Hazards of Complex Chemical Mixtures, S.S. Sandhu, W.R. Lower, and Y.R. Ahuja
Introduction
Detection of Genetic Hazards at Industrial Waste Sites
Genotoxicity Assessment in Aquatic Environments
Integration, Interpretation, and Limitation of Data
Acknowledgements
References
Wildlife Toxicity in Biomonitoring and Bioremediation: Implications for Human Health, K. McBee and R.L. Lochmiller
Introduction
Population Dynamics
Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) Enzyme System
Immunotoxicity
Genotoxicity
Extrapolation from Wildlife Models to Potential Human Effect
References
Environmental Bioremediation: Approaches and Processes, C. Bonaventura, J. Bonaventura, and D.F. Bodishbaugh
Bioremediation Defined
Bioremediation as a Natural Process
Environmental Health and Human Health Aspects of Environmental Contamination
General Steps and Methods in Bioremediation
Assessment of Bioremediation and Biodegradation
Summary and Conclusions
References
Environmental Bioremediation: Applications and New Horizons, C. Bonaventura, J. Bonaventura, and D.F. Bodishbaugh
Practical Bioremediation
Bioremediation Technologies in Practice
Future Prospects for Environmental Bioremediation
Research Needed to Advance Bioremediation Technologies
Summary and Conclusions
References
Quantitative Modeling and Analysis in Environmental Studies, D.P. Gaver
Introduction
Modeling Groundwater: A Specific System Relevant to Remediation Issues
Compartment and Pharmacokinetic Models
Human Exposure Modeling and Analysis
Dose-Response Models
Risk Assessment
Epidemiologic Case Studies
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Legal and International Considerations: One World, B.L. Johnson and D. Weimer
Introduction
Fictional Case Study: Goodeworks, Incorporated
U.S. Federal Legislation
Illustrative State Legislation
International Directives and Agreements
Summary and Conclusions
References
Index
Appendix
Profiles of Major U.S. Environmental Legislation