Brain Protection in Cardiac Surgery

Brain injury of cardiac surgery.-Cerebral physiology & metabolism.-Molecular & biochemical basis.Future interventions.-Cardiopulmonary bypass circuit.-Neurological sequelae.-Incidence, pre-operative risk factors & long-term outcome.-Neuropathology.-Inflammatory response.-Post-surgical impact.-Assessment of brain injury.-Utility of neuropsychometric analysis.-Pitfalls of neuropsychometric assessment & alternative investigative approaches.-Imaging of the brain.-Current techniques of emboli detection.-Intra-operative brain monitoring.-Design of brain protection studies in the C21st.-Reducing brain injury in cardiac surgery.-Temperature & brain protection.-Studies of non-pharmacological interventions.-Pharmacological studies to reduce brain injury following cardiac surgery.-Off-pump & on-pump coronary artery surgery & the brain.-Experimental basis & clinical studies of brain protection in paediatric heart surgery.-Experimental basis & clinical studies of brain protection in aortic arch surgery.-The future.