Essential Human Development

Dr Samuel Webster, Lecturer in Anatomy, Swansea University, Swansea, UK. Dr Geraint Morris, Consultant in Neonatology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK. Mr Euan Kevelighan, Consultant in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.

List of contributors ix

Preface xi

How to use your textbook xii

About the companion website xiii

Part 1: Fertilisation 1

1 Principles of development 3
Sam Webster

2 The female reproductive system 12
Sam Webster

3 The male reproductive system 24
Sam Webster

4 Fertilisation 32
Sam Webster

5 Embryology: zygote to blastocyst 38
Sam Webster

6 Embryonic stem cells 43
Sam Webster

Part 2: Pregnancy 49

7 Embryology 51
Sam Webster

8 Physiology of pregnancy 59
Sam Webster

9 Antenatal care 64
Marion Beard

10 Antenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis 71
Alan Treharne and Marsham Moselhi

11 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 82
Sharif Ismail

12 Diseases in pregnancy I 89
Alan Treharne and Cerys Scarr

13 Diseases in pregnancy II 94
Alan Treharne, Cerys Scarr and Aleksandra Komarzyniec-Pyzik

14 Multiple pregnancy and other antenatal complications 103
Marion Beard

15 Problems in late pregnancy 109
Deepa Balachandran Nair

16 Fetal growth and tests of fetal wellbeing 117
Maitreyee Deshpande

17 The eye in pregnancy and the newborn 122
Colm McAlinden

Part 3: Birth 137

18 Normal labour 139
Euan Kevelighan

19 Abnormal labour 146
Franz Majoko

20 The puerperium 155
Fran Hodge

21 Obstetric emergencies 162
Benjamin Chisholme and Euan Kevelighan

Part 4: Neonatology 173

22 Newborn resuscitation and newborn examination 175
Nitin Goel and Jamie Evans

23 Newborn feeding, jaundice and maternal diabetes 184
Geraint Morris

24 The preterm infant 189
Nitin Goel

25 Congenital and perinatal infection 196
Ian Morris

Part 5: Childhood and adolescence 205

26 History and examination in childhood 207
Shabeena Webster and Geraint Morris

27 Normal growth and developmental milestones 213
Bethan Williams

28 Developmental delay 241
Bethan Williams

29 Genetics 249
Dana Beasley

30 Neurodevelopmental disorders 256
Surekha Tuohy

31 Puberty 263
Christopher Bidder

32 Non-accidental injury and neglect 271
Catrin Simpson

33 Neurological problems 278
Cathy White

34 Infections and immunodeficiency 292
Pramodh Vallabhaneni

35 Haematology and oncology 299
Pramodh Vallabhaneni

36 Congential and acquired heart disease 307
Geraint Morris

37 Metabolic and endocrine disorders 319
Shabeena Webster

38 Respiratory problems 333
Toni Williams

39 Gastroenterology, nutrition and faltering growth 341
Lakshmipriya Selvarajan

40 Renal and urinary problems 35
Dana Beasley

41 Dermatology 363
Rebecca Balfour

42 Rheumatology and orthopaedics 374
Rebecca Balfour

43 Paediatric surgery 385
Toni Williams

44 Paediatric pharmacology 391
Lakshmipriya Selvarajan

Part 6: Gynaecology 395

45 Problems in early pregnancy 397
Manju Nair

46 Subfertility 409
Gurpreet Singh Kalra

47 Vaginal discharge, pelvic pain and endometriosis 419
Aisling Carroll-Downey and Euan Kevelighan

48 Termination of pregnancy 428
Sophie Walker and Jennifer Davies-Oliveira

49 Contraception 433
Ruth Frazer

50 Obstetric and gynaecological operations 440
Nisha Kadwadkar and Euan Kevelighan

51 The menopause 448
Kinza Younas

Index 455