Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques

David K Gardner DPhil is Chair of Zoology at the University of Melbourne, Australia.Ariel Weissman MD is a senior physician at the IVF Unit,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Colin M Howles PhD, FRSM is a consultant at Aries Consulting, Geneva, SwitzerlandZeev Shoham MD is Director Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Kaplan

Introduction. The beginnings of human in vitro fertilization. Robert Edwards: The path to IVF. Establishing and Maintaining an IVF Laboratory. Setting up an ART laboratory. Quality control: Maintaining stability in the laboratory. The ART laboratory: Current standards. Gamete Collection, Preparation and Selection. Evaluation of sperm. Sperm preparation techniques. Sperm chromatin assessment. Oocyte retrieval and selection. Preparation and evaluation of oocytes for ICSI. Hyaluronic acid binding-mediated sperm selection for ICSI. Use of in vitro maturation in a clinical setting: Patient populations and outcomes. Micromanipulation. Micromanipulation. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: Technical aspects. Assisted hatching. Human embryo biopsy procedures. Culture, Selection and Transfer of the Human Embryo. Oocyte activation. Analysis of fertilization. Culture systems for the human embryo. Evaluation of embryo quality: Analysis of morphology and quantification of nutrient utilization and the metabolome. Evaluation of embryo quality: Time-lapse imaging to assess embryo morphokinetics. Evaluation of embryo quality: Proteomic strategies. Cryopreservation. The human oocyte: Controlled rate cooling. The human oocyte: Vitrification. The human embryo: Slow freezing. The human embryo: Vitrification. Managing an oocyte bank. Diagnosis of Genetic Disease in Preimplantation Embryos. Severe male factor: Genetic consequences and recommendations for genetic testing. Polar body biopsy and its clinical application. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for infertility. Genetic analysis of the embryo. Implantation. The analysis of endometrial receptivity. Future Directions and Clinical Applications. Artificial gametes: The sperm. Artificial gametes: The oocyte. Rejuvenating oocytes with young mitochondria. Chemical stimulation of the aged oocyte. Microfluidics in ART: Towards automation of the IVF laboratory. Quality Management Systems. Quality management in reproductive medicine. Patient Investigation and the Use of Drugs. Lifestyle, periconception, and fertility. Indications for IVF treatment: From diagnosis to prognosis. Initial investigation of the infertile couple. Fertility gene mapping. Prognostic testing for ovarian reserve. Drugs used for ovarian stimulation: Clomiphene citrate, aromatase inhibitors, metformin, gonadotropins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, and recombinant gonadotropins. The role of FSH and LH in ovulation induction: Current concepts. Stimulation Protocols. Endocrine characteristics of ART cycles. The use of GnRH agonists. GnRH-antagonists in ovarian stimulation for IVF. The use of AMH to tailor ovarian stimulation for IVF. Monitoring ovarian response in IVF cycles. Oocyte collection. Luteal support in ART. Treatment strategies in assisted reproduction for the poor responder patient. Repeated implantation failure. Technical Procedures and Outcomes. Ultrasonography in assisted reproduction. Sperm recovery techniques: Clinical aspects. Processing and cryopreservation of testicular sperm. Embryo transfer technique. Cycle regimes for frozen–thawed embryo transfer. Managing freeze all oocytes. Anesthesia and in vitro fertilization. Medical considerations of single embryo transfer. Special Medical Conditions. Endometriosis and ART. PCOS and assisted reproduction. Management of hydrosalpinx. Fertility preservation strategies. Viral disease and Assisted Reproductive Techniques. Complications of Treatment. Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The environment and reproduction. Bleeding, severe pelvic infection, and ectopic pregnancy. Iatrogenic multiple pregnancies: The risk of ART. 3D Ultrasound. Non-invasive prenatal testing. Egg Donation and Surrogate Motherhood. Egg and