Placental-Fetal Growth Restriction

Christoph Lees is Reader in Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine at Imperial College London; Honorary Consultant in Obstetrics and Head of Fetal Medicine at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London. Gerard H. A. Visser is Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Utrecht Medical Centre, The Netherlands. Kurt Hecher is Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre, Hamburg, Germany. A previous President of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hecher is also Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Part I. Basic Principles: 1. What is optimal fetal growth? Blanka Vasak and Gerard H. A. Visser; 2. Definition of fetal growth restriction and uteroplacental insufficiency Wessel Ganzevoort and Basky Thilaganathan; 3. Differential diagnosis of fetal growth restriction S. Usman, A. Lawin-O'Brien and Christoph Lees; 4. Fetal growth restriction and hypertensive diseases of pregnancy Christopher W. G. Redman and Anne Cathrine Staff; 5. ART and fetal growth Christoph Brezinka and Shirin Khanjani; 6. Fetal growth restriction study design and outcomes Hans Wolf and Wessel Ganzevoort; 7. Analysis of national and international guidelines on placental-fetal growth restriction Gemma Malin, Lesley McCowan, K. E. Boers and Jim G. Thornton; Part II. Maternal Cardiovascular Characteristics and the Placenta: 8. Maternal cardiovascular function and fetal growth restriction Rosemary Townsend and Asma Khalil; 9. Placental histopathology findings in fetal growth restriction Neil Sebire and William Mifsud; 10. Maternal volume homeostasis in fetal growth restriction Johannes J. Duvekot; Part III. Screening for PFGR: 11. First trimester combined screening algorithms for fetal growth restriction Rosemary Townsend and Asma Khalil; 12. Second trimester and late pregnancy screening for fetal growth restriction Raffaele Napolitano and Pasquale Martinelli; Part IV. Prophylaxis and Treatment: 13. Prophylaxis for fetal growth restriction: aspirin and low molecular weight heparins Federico Prefumo and Tiziana Frusca; 14. Prophylaxis for fetal growth restriction: nitric oxide donors and sildenafil Dietmar Schlembach; 15. Prevention and Treatment of Fetal Growth Restriction by influencing maternal hemodynamics and blood volume Herbert Valensise, Barbara Vasopollo and Gian Paolo Novelli; 16. Gene therapy in fetal growth restriction Rebecca N. Spencer, David J. Carr and Anna L. David; Part V. Characteristics of Fetal Growth Restriction: 17. Blood flow volume in umbilical vein in fetal growth restriction Enrico Ferrazzi, Daniela Di Martino and Tamara Stampalija; 18. Fetal cardiac function in fetal growth restriction Fatima Crispi and Eduard Gratacos; 19. Heart rate changes and autonomic nervous system in fetal growth restriction S. M. Lobmaier, K. T. M. Schneider and G. H. A. Visser; 20. The fetal arterial and venous circulation in IUGR Kurt Hecher and Werner Diehl; 21 Hematological and biochemical findings in fetal growth restriction and the relationship to hypoxia Irene Cetin and Chiara Mandò; Part VI. Management of Fetal Growth Restriction: 22. Management of early-onset fetal growth restriction (less than 34 weeks) Tullia Todros and Giovanna Oggé; 23. Late-onset intrauterine growth restriction Katia Bilardo and Francesc Figueras; 24. Severe IUGR: pregnancy management at the limits of viability Aris T. Papageorghiou and Wessel Ganzevoort; 25. Fetal growth restriction in twin pregnancies Isabel Couck, Kurt Hecher and Liesbeth Lewi; Part VII. Postnatal Aspects of Fetal Growth Restriction: 26. Fetal growth restriction and neonatal outcomes R. S. Gandhi and N. Marlow; 27. Fetal growth restriction and later disease in the mother and the offspring Birgit Arabin and Petra Arck; 28. Fetal growth restriction: recurrence risks and counseling Jan Derks and Steven Koenen.