Drugs and Human Behavior

Part I.Introduction1 Psychopharmacology and the History of Psychoactive Drug UsPart II. Principles of Drug Action2 ReceptorsDrug Action 3 AdministrationDrug Forms and PreparationsBody CompartmentsOral AdministrationInjectionInhalationOther Routes of AdministrationDevelopments in Drug Administration 4 AbsorptionThe Capillary WallsCell MembranesThe Blood-Brain BarrierThe Placental BarrierSolubilityFactors in Absorption 5 DistributionTransportation in the BloodTissue Affinity 6 Drug FateThe LiverBiotransformationEnzymeIntroductionThe KidneysOther Routes of Excretion 7 Dosage and Drug EffectsDose-Response CurvesSide EffectsEffective and Lethal DosageTime CourseVariabilityToleranceCombined Effects 8 Nonspecific FactorsVariables of the OrganismPsychological VariablesEnvironmental VariablesTask VariablesConclusionPart III. Basics of Neurobiology9 NeuronsSynapse and Receptor 10 The Peripheral Nervous System and the Spinal CordTypes of Nervous SystemsThe Spinal Cord 11 The BrainDivisions of the BrainMedulla Autonomic ReflexesPons BridgeCerebellum Balance and CoordinationMidbrain Audio, Video, MovementReticular Formation AlertnessHypothalamus Biological DrivesThalamus Sensory Relay StationThe Limbic System EmotionBasal Ganglia Posture and MovementThe Medial Forebrain Bundle and the Periventricular Area Pleasure and PainCortex Higher FunctionsConclusion 12 NeurotransmittersAcetylcholineDopamineNorepinephrineSerotoninGamma Aminobutyric AcidGlycineExcitatory Amino AcidsNeuropeptidesConcepts in Neurotransmitter Action and Receptor ResponseConclusion 13 Drug ClassificationClassificationsOther Classification SystemsDrug Laws and Legal ClassificationsPart IV. Drugs of Calming and Sedation14 Anxiety DisordersThe Physiological Bases of AnxietyAnxiety DisordersThe Receptor of CalmingConclusion 15 AlcoholHistoryPharmacokineticsPharmacological EffectsClinical ApplicationsSide EffectsInteractions with Other DrugsFetal Alcohol SyndromeAlcoholismConclusion 16 Barbiturates and General AnestheticsHistoryBarbiturates: PharmacokineticsPharmacological EffectsClinical ApplicationsSide EffectsBarbiturate AbuseBarbiturate-like SubstancesGeneral AnestheticsEarly Sedative-Hypnotics17 AnxiolyticsPropanediols: MeprobamateBenzodiazepinesGABA-A Receptor Agonists and AntagonistsBuspirone: A New AnxiolyticConclusionPart V. Drugs for Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders18 SchizophreniaSymptoms of SchizophreniaSubtypes of SchizophreniaEtiology of SchizophreniaConclusion19 NeurolepticsHistoryFirst Generation NeurolepticsButyrophenonesNew Antipsychotic DrugsConclusion 20 Mood Disorders and Their TreatmentsGeneral Symptoms of Mood DisordersClassification of Mood DisordersEtiology of DepressionThe Treatment of Depression: AntidepressantsMAOIsTricyclic AntidepressantsSecond-Generation AntidepressantsSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsThe Treatment of ManiaPart VI. Drugs of Use and Abuse: Stimulants21 Stimulants: Amphetamine and CocaineAmphetamineCocaineOther Local AnestheticsOther Stimulants 22 Stimulants: Amphetamine Analogues and Designer DrugsDesigner DrugsMDMAOther Substituted Amphetamines 23 Stimulants: XanthinesCoffeeTeaChocolateOther Xanthine SourcesCaffeineTheobromine and Theophylline 24 Stimulants: NicotineHistory of TobaccoNicotineSmokingPart VII. Drugs of Use and Abuse: The Opiates25 History of OpiatesHistory 26 OpiatesPharmacokineticsOpiate ReceptorsPharmacological EffectsClinical ApplicationsSide EffectsHeroinCodeine 27 Opiate Agonists and AntagonistsMeperidineFentanylDesigner Drugs and China WhiteMixed Action OpioidsMethadoneLAAMNaloxoneNaltrexoneOpiate AbuseTreatment of Opiate AbusePart VIII. Drugs of Use and Abuse: Hallucinogens and Marijuana28 Anesthetic and Cholinergic HallucinogensAnesthetic HallucinogensCholinergic AgonistsAnticholinergic Hallucinogens 29 Adrenergic and Serotonergic HallucinogensAdrenergic Hallucinogens: MescalineSerotonergic Hallucinogens: LSDPsilocybin and PsilocinMorning Glory SeedsBufotenineDMTHarmalineMyristicin and Elemicin 30 Marijuana and Hashish (THC)HistoryPharmacokineticsPharmacological EffectsClinical ApplicationsSide EffectsAppendix1: Drug Development and Animal TestingAppendix2: Human and Clinical ResearchGlossaryReferencesCreditsName IndexSubject Index