Infectious Diseases – A Geographic Guide

Eskild Petersen MD, DMSc, DTM&H, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark, and Senior Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman Lin H. Chen MD, FACP, FASTMH, Director of the Travel Medicine Center at Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Patricia Schlagenhauf-Lawlor PhD, FFTM, RCPSS (Glasg), FISTM, Senior Scientist and Professor, University of Zurich, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Zurich, Switzerland

List of contributors, viii Foreword to the first edition by Alan J. Magill (deceased), xv Foreword to the second edition by Jay S. Keystone, xvii Preface, xix Envoi, xxi 1 Historical overview of global infectious diseases and geopolitics, 1 Francis. E.G. Cox and Frank J. Bia 2 Nontraditional infectious diseases surveillance systems, 12 Davidson H. Hamer, Kamran Khan, Matthew German, and Lawrence C. Madoff 3 Air travel which infectious disease control measures are worthwhile?, 25 Karen J. Marienau 4 Infectious illnesses on cruise and cargo ships, 35 Joanna J. Regan, J. Scott Vega, and Clive M. Brown 5 Microbes on the move: prevention, required vaccinations, curtailment, outbreak, 45 Patricia Schlagenhauf-Lawlor, Giles Poumerol, and Francisco Santos-O Connor 6 Diagnostic tests and procedures, 55 Eskild Petersen and Tom Boyles 7 Central Africa, 78 Gerd D. Burchard and Martin P. Grobusch 8 East Africa: Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands, 93 Philippe Gautret and Philippe Parola 9 Eastern Africa, 104 Andreas Neumayr and Christoph Hatz 10 North Africa, 124 Philippe Gautret, Nadjet Mouffok, and Philippe Parola 11 Southern Africa, 137 Marc Mendelson, Olga Perovic, and Lucille Blumberg 12 West Africa, 154 Boubacar Maiga and Patrick Ayeh-Kumi 13 East Asia, 167 Bin Cao, Fei Zhou, and Mikio Kimura 14 South Central Asia, 185 Holy Murphy, Gulzhan Abuova, and Prativa Pandey 15 South-east Asia, 203 Daniel H. Paris and Nicholas J. White 16 Western Asia and the Middle East, 220 Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Seif S. Al-Abri, and Ziad A. Memish 17 Eastern Europe, 235 Natalia Pshenichnaya, Malgorzata Paul, and Alexander Erovichenkov 18 Northern Europe, 257 Birgitta Evengard, Audrone Marcinkute, and Eskild Petersen 19 Southern Europe, 269 Francesco Castelli, Androula Pavli, and Pier Francesco Giorgetti 20 Western Europe, 278 Peter J. de Vries and Eric Caumes 21 The Caribbean, 302 Elizabeth A. Talbot and Laura E. Shevy 22 Central America, 317 Larry I. Lutwick and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales 23 South America, 335 Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami, Luiz Jacintho da Silva, and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales 24 Northern America, 356 Barbra M. Blair, Philip R. Fischer, Michael Libman, and Lin H. Chen 25 Australia, New Zealand, 375 Karin Leder, Joseph Torresi, and Marc Shaw 26 Oceania, 390 Karin Leder, Joseph Torresi, and Marc Shaw 27 Arctic and Antarctica, 404 Anders Koch, Michael G. Bruce, and Karin Ladefoged 28 The immunosuppressed patient, 419 Brian T. Montague, Christopher M. Salas, Terri L. Montague, and Maria D. Mileno 29 Emerging infections, 446 Mary E. Wilson 30 Migration and the geography of disease, 459 Rogelio Lopez-Velez, Francesca F. Norman, and Jose-Antonio Perez-Molina 31 Climate change and the geographical distribution of infectious diseases, 470 Ashwin Swaminathan, Elvina Viennet, Anthony J. McMichael, and David Harley List of abbreviations, 481 Index, 484