Pediatric Stroke Rehabilitation

Heather L. Atkinson, PT, DPT, NCS graduated from Arcadia University with a master of science in Physical Therapy and subsequently earned her Doctor of Physical Therapy degree from Temple University. She became a board-certified specialist in neurologic physical therapy in 2003. She has worked at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) for over 20 years, including 10 years in the Pediatric Stroke Program. Dr. Atkinson works to expand pediatric stroke rehabilitation research and has served as an investigator on clinical studies examining modified constraint-induced therapy as well as asymmetric gait training in children with hemiparesis due to stroke. Dr. Atkinson teaches about pediatric stroke at local academic universities and is passionate about empowering children and families to maximize their functional potential. Dr. Atkinson is also interested in cultivating clinical reasoning skills along the continuum of professional development and she serves as a leader in the post-professional pediatric physical therapy residency and fellowship programs at CHOP. Dr. Atkinson aspires to better integrate shared decision making into physical therapist practice and she is currently leading a quality improvement project on building shared decision-making strategies into clinical practice with the aim of improving the overall patient experience of care. Kim Nixon-Cave, PT, PhD, PCS is physical therapist who specializes in pediatrics. Dr. Nixon-Cave is an associate professor at Thomas Jefferson University, in the role of program director for the entry-level doctor of physical therapy and post-professional education, residency and fellowship education. She practices as a clinician in the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in pediatrics, primarily the neonatal intensive care unit. Before taking the position at Thomas Jefferson University, Dr. Nixon-Cave was the manager of the Physical Therapy Department in The Center of Rehabilitation Services at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) as well as providing direct patient care. She developed a physical therapy Pediatric Residency and Neonatology Fellowship program while at CHOP. Dr. Nixon-Cave has held several faculty appointments, including Temple University, as associate professor, program director and interim chair; associate professor at University of the Sciences; and associate faculty at Arcadia University. She has served on national boards for the American Physical Therapy Association, including the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties, and American Board of Physical Therapy Residency and Fellowship Education, with the responsibility of developing board certification and post-professional educational programs. She has also focused efforts on addressing the changing health care environment and its impact on delivery of physical therapy services nationally. Recognized by APTA as an Innovator for changes in physical therapy practice as it relates to health care reform, Dr. Nixon-Cave’s clinical focus is developing evidence-based clinical programs and protocols for various patient populations with a specific interest in infants and young children. Quality Improvement Projects have focused on clinical practice, reimbursement, episodic care in inpatient and outpatient practice settings, and best practice guidelines. Dr. Nixon-Cave is a trained qualitative researcher but participates in research studies that utilize different research approaches including quantitative, qualitative, and mix methodologies to explore and examine health disparities, clinical decision-making of physical therapists, the impact of culture and environment on overall development, and the experience of patients and families and their interaction with the health care system. Dr. Nixon-Cave recently completed a research project examining the current practice of board certified pediatric specialists in physical therapy resulting in a description of specialty practice for physical therapy pediatric certified specialists. Dr. Nixon-Cave has published papers on various topics related to her research area and specifically clinical reasoning and cultural competence in physical therapy. Dr. Nixon-Cave graduated from the University of Pittsburgh earning her entry-level degree in physical therapy followed by an advanced masters of science degree in Neurologic physical therapy and a PhD in Education from Temple University. Sabrina E. Smith, MD, PhD is a pediatric neurologist at Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center in Oakland, California. Before moving to Kaiser Permanente, Dr. Smith was a member of the Pediatric Stroke Team at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia for 7 years, providing inpatient consultation for newborns and children who experienced a stroke, and running a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for children who experienced a stroke in the newborn period. Dr. Smith graduated Magna Cum Laude from Princeton University before receiving her MD and a PhD in neurophysiology from New York University School of Medicine. She then completed a residency in pediatrics at the University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine and a residency in pediatric neurology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Smith completed a postdoctoral fellowship in cognitive neurology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine where her research focused on the cognitive effects of stroke and other types of brain injury in children. Dr. Smith has published numerous papers on perinatal and childhood stroke and has given talks at national and international meetings.

Dedication About the Editors Contributing Authors Foreword by Rebecca Ichord, MD Introduction Section I Pediatric Stroke: Medical Management and the Continuum of Care Chapter 1 Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke Chapter 2 Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Chapter 3 Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis in Children Chapter 4 Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Neonates and Children Chapter 5 The Provision of Rehabilitation Medicine Across the Continuum of Care in Pediatric Stroke Section II Optimizing Functional Outcomes After Pediatric Stroke Chapter 6 Examination and Evaluation of Neuromotor Function in Children With Stroke Chapter 7 Intervention for Functional Motor Skills in Children With Stroke Chapter 8 Communication and Feeding in Children With Stroke Chapter 9 Cognitive Changes and Potential in Children With Stroke Chapter 10 Behavioral and Emotional Functioning in Children With Stroke Section III The Child's Environment: Family and Community Introduction Chapter 11 The Family and Child's Environment in Children With Stroke Chapter 12 Educational Needs of a Child/Adolescent Following a Stroke Chapter 13 Prevention to Poststroke Rehabilitation: Lifelong Management, Advocacy, and Resources for Children With Stroke Financial Disclosures Index.