The Crucial Ligaments

The unstable knee / The ACL deficient knee SECTION 1 CASE STUDIES SECTION 2 HISTORY EVOLUTION. EPIDEMIOLOGY: The ACL: a historical review / An evolutionary perspective / Epidemiology of the ACL / Evolution of lesions and symptoms after ACL injury. SECTION 3 ANATOMY, KINEMATICS: Anatomy of the cruciate ligaments / Fiber recruitment of the cruciate ligaments / A biomechanical function of the ACL: prevention of Medial translation of the tibia / Biomechanical concepts involved gait analysis: clinical application for the reconstructed knee / Posterior meniscal capsuloligamentous complexes of the knee / Injury to the medial capsoligamentous complex / Patellar instability: an anatomoradiographic analysis. SECTION 4 DIAGNOSIS: Diagnosis of knee ligament injuries: biomechanical precepts / Diagnosis of knee ligament inches: tests and measurement of knee motion limits / Pivot shift / Imaging / Stressradiography of the knee joint: measurements of knee motion limits in the frontal and sagittal planes / Arthroscopy: defining and treating cruciate ligament injuries. SECTION 5 NATURAL HISTORY, PREVENTION, COUNSELLING: The torn ACL: natural history of untreated lesions and rationale for selective treatment / Prevention of cruciate ligament injuries / Counselling patients with career-ending injuries. SECTION 6 SURGICAL TREATMENT: Open ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon and interference screw fixation / Arthroscopic cruciate repair and reconstruction: an overview and descriptions of technique / Arthroscopically monitored ACL reconstruction: compaction drilling and compression screw fixation / Isometric placement of cruciate ligament / Surgical repair of acute and chronic lesions of the lateral capsular ligamentous complex of the knee / Allografts in knee ligament reconstruction / The ligament augmentation device / Roof impingement of ACL grafts: diagnosis, cause, prevention and late surgical correction / ACL deficiency in children. SECTION 7 SEQUELAE: Knee ligaments in osteoarthritis of the knee / The meniscus in the ACL-deficient knee / Revision ACL surgery: evaluation and treatment. SECTION 8 REHABILITATION: Counteracting muscle atrophy after ACL injury: scientific bases for a rehabilitation program / Clinical development of preoperative and postoperative ACL rehabilitation / Continuous passive motion in postoperative knee rehabilitation / ACL injuries in the elite skier / Special techniques in rehabilitation. SECTION 9 PROSTHETIC LIGAMENTS: Prosthetic replacement of knee ligaments: overview / ACL reconstruction with Gore-Tex compact diameter ligament / Laboratory studies of biodegadable materials for cruciate ligament reconstruction / Glossary / Index.