Lives in the Balance

The researchers, their aims and methods; benefits of biomedical research involving animal subjects; pain, stress, and anxiety in animals; animals as experimental subjects; ethical considerations in the development and use of replacement alternatives to animal experiments; the assessment and weighing of costs and benefits; ethical considerations in the use of animals in toxicology and toxicity testing; ethical considerations in the use of animals in education and training; from theory to practice - control of biomedical research involving animal subjects; the philosophical and moral debate on the use of animals in biomedical research.