Social and Family Issues in Shift Work and Non Standard Working Hours (eBook)

Irena Iskra-Golec is a head of the Chair of Organizational Behavior at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty in Poznan. There are two main lines of her scientific and educational interests. The first is organizational psychology, organizational stress and its prevention, shift work, ageing at work, and work-non work interface. The second one concerns chronopsychology and focuses on circadian rhythms of cognitive performance and light effects on performance and mood. She is an author of scientific papers published in peer reviewed journals, chapters of books and books. She is a grant holder of EU Marie Curie Fellowship and a member of Marie Curie Alumni Association and of the Working Time Society.Janet Barnes-Farrell is Professor of Psychological Sciences and Director of the Industrial Psychology Applications Center at the University of Connecticut. Dr. Barnes-Farrell’s primary fields of expertise include aging and work, the interface between work and other life domains, and the measurement of work performance and work attitudes; her research on these topics has appeared in numerous edited volumes and professional journals. Her current research centers on psychosocial aspects of work and aging and on the process and consequences of work-life balance for workers and organizations, with special emphasis on the work-life concerns of older workers.Philip Bohle is Professor of Work and Health at The University of Sydney. His research focuses primarily on the health effects of work organisation and workplace psychosocial factors. At present, his major research projects concern working hours, work-life conflict and health; the impact of work-related pressure, disorganisation and regulatory failure on health and safety; the health and safety of older workers; the effects of precarious work on health and wellbeing; and the impact of workplace deaths on the victims' families.

Preface 5
Contents 8
Introduction: Problems in the Relationship Between Work and Family, Shift Work, and Non-standard Working Hours 10
1 Shift Work and Its Implications for Everyday Work and Family Life: A Foundation and Summary 11
Abstract 11
1 Conceptual Foundations 12
1.1 “Shift Work” 12
1.2 The Work-Family Interface 13
1.3 Implications of Conceptual Complexity and Ambiguity 14
2 The Evidence Base 19
3 A High-Priority Research Agenda 21
4 Conclusion 23
Acknowledgments 23
References 23
2 Introduction to Problems of Shift Work 26
Abstract 26
1 Introduction 26
2 Biological Functions and Sleep/Wake Cycle 29
3 Performance Efficiency, Errors and Accidents 30
4 Health Disorders 31
5 Family and Social Problems 32
6 Tolerance to Shift Work and Health Surveillance 33
7 Preventive Measures 35
8 Compensative Measures 36
9 Conclusions 38
References 39
Social Consequences of Specific Features of Working Time Organization 43
3 Unusual and Unsocial? Effects of Shift Work and Other Unusual Working Times on Social Participation 44
Abstract 44
1 Social Effects of Shift Work and Unusual Working Times 44
2 Social Impact of Different Components of Working Times 49
3 The Role of Worker Control 52
4 An Approach to Quantify the Social Impact of Unusual Working Hours 53
5 Summary and Discussion 55
5.1 How “Unusual” Are Unusual Work Hours? 55
5.2 Preventive Work Schedule Design to Minimize Risks to Health and Well-Being 56
5.3 Separating the Effects of Unusual Work Hours and Shift Work 57
6 Conclusions 58
References 58
4 Reciprocal Relations Between Working Time Arrangements and Work-Family Conflict Over Time 63
Abstract 63
1 Work-Family Conflict 63
1.1 Definition and Prevalence 63
1.2 Antecedents of Work-Family Conflict 64
1.3 Consequences of Work-Family Conflict 65
2 Role of Working Time Arrangements in Work-Family Conflict 65
2.1 Conservation of Resources Theory 66
2.2 Components of Working Time Arrangements 66
2.2.1 Work Schedules 67
2.2.2 Working Hours 68
2.3 Literature Findings on Associations between Working Time Arrangements and Work-Family Conflict 69
2.4 Need for Longitudinal Studies on the Role of Working Time Arrangements in the Etiology of Work-Family Conflict 70
2.5 Possibility of a Reciprocal Relation? 71
2.6 Requirements Data Infrastructure for Studying Reciprocal Relations 71
3 Maastricht Cohort Study 72
3.1 Background 72
3.2 Study Design and Population 73
3.3 Assessments 73
3.3.1 Assessment of Working Time Arrangements 74
3.3.2 Assessment of Work-Family Conflict 74
3.4 The Role of Working Time Arrangements in the Onset of Work-Family Conflict: Findings in the MCS 75
3.4.1 The Role of Work Schedules 75
3.4.2 The Role of Working Hours 76
3.5 Reversed Relation Between Work-Family Conflict and Working Time Arrangements: Findings in the MCS 81
3.5.1 Adaptation of Work Schedules 82
3.5.2 Adaptation of Working Hours 83
4 Implications for Research and Practice 85
References 90
5 Work-Life Conflict in ‘Flexible Work’: Precariousness, Variable Hours and Related Forms of Work Organization 95
Abstract 95
1 Introduction 95
2 Precarious Work 97
3 Work Organization and Psychosocial Variables Linked to Precariousness: Implications for Work-Life Conflict 99
3.1 Variable Working Hours 100
3.2 Control Over Working Hours 101
3.3 Pressure, Disorganization and Regulatory Failure 102
4 Structural Relationships Between Precariousness, Working Hours and Work Schedule Control and Their Effects on Work-Life Conflict 104
5 Conclusions 105
Acknowledgments 105
References 106
Consequences of Shift Work and Non-standard Work Hours for Workers and Their Families 110
6 Parents Working Non-standard Schedules and Schools Operating in Two Shifts: Effects on Sleep and Daytime Functioning of Adolescents 111
Abstract 111
1 Introduction 112
2 Sleep and Daytime Functioning of Adolescents 113
3 Influence of Parents on Adolescents’ Sleep 114
3.1 Parenting Practices 115
3.2 Parenting Styles and Other Parents’ Characteristics 116
4 Parents’ Non-standard Working Time and Sleep of Adolescents 117
5 Parents Working in Shifts and Adolescents Attending School According to a Rotating Shift System: Croatian Case 119
5.1 Methods 121
5.1.1 Participants 121
5.1.2 Measures 121
5.1.3 Data Analyses 124
5.2 Results 124
5.2.1 Contextual Factors 124
5.2.2 Sleep Quality 125
5.2.3 Daytime Functioning 126
5.3 Discussion 129
5.3.1 Contextual Factors 130
5.3.2 Sleep Quality 130
5.3.3 Daytime Functioning 131
5.3.4 Study Limitations 133
6 Conclusions 133
References 134
7 Irregular Work Shifts and Family Issues—The Case of Flight Attendants 139
Abstract 139
1 Introduction 140
2 Work Schedules of Flight Attendants in the Present-Day Aviation Industry 141
3 Flight Attendants as a “Female” Profession—Implications for Family Life 146
4 Aspects Related to Conjugal and Parenting Roles—Difficulties and Strategies Related to Housework and Child-Care Duties 147
5 Final Remarks—the Relevance of Family-Friendly Policies for Flight Attendants 150
Acknowledgments 150
References 151
Individual Differences and Work-family Relationship 153
8 Gender Differences in Safety, Health and Work/Family Interference—Promoting Equity 154
Abstract 154
1 Introduction 155
2 Health Disparities and Their Determinants 155
3 Regulations, Culture, Persistence of Horizontal and Vertical Segregation 157
4 Work to Family Conflict and Enrichment 160
5 Studies Conducted at the University of Milan 161
6 Discussion 174
7 Conclusion 175
References 176
Link 180
9 Individual Differences in Circadian Rhythm Parameters and Work-Family Spillover in Shift Workers 181
Abstract 181
1 Work-Family Linkages—the Basic Notions and Theoretical Models of Negative and Positive Work-Family Relationship 181
2 Work-Family Interface and Individual Differences—an Overview of the Existing Research 183
2.1 Theoretical Context of the Relationship Between Work-Family Interface and Individual Difference Variables 184
2.2 Individual Difference Measures and Negative Side of Work-Family Relationship 185
2.3 The Big Five and Work-Family Interface 186
2.4 Last Decade Studies—Longitudinal and Meta-Analytic Approaches in Search of a Moderating Role of Dispositional Variables on Work-Family Interface 188
3 Do Individual Differences in Circadian Rhythm Parameters Associated with Shift Work Tolerance Moderate Work-Family Relationship in Shift Workers? 191
3.1 Shift Work Stress 191
3.2 Individual Differences Associated with the Circadian Rhythms Parameters and Tolerance to Shift Work 191
3.3 Method 193
3.4 Results 195
3.5 Discussion 197
References 199