Comparative Cardiovascular Dynamics of Mammals

John K-J Li

Introduction. The Mammalian Species. The Cardiovascular System. Function of the Circulation. Book Content. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulation. The Heart. Arteries. The Veins. The Microvasculature. Comparative Analysis With Allometry. Modeling Principles and Comparison Across Species. Allometric Equation and Definitions. Growth and Differential Growth. The Importance of Body Size and Organ Size. Circulatory Allometry. Introduction of Allometry to Hemodynamics. Dimensional Analysis for Identifying Circulatory Similarities. Basic Mathematical Tools. Dimensional Analysis and the Pi-Theorem. Methods for Establishing Similarity Principles. Illustrative Examples. Cardiac Mechanics. Cardiac Muscle Mechanics. Starling's Law Applied to the Mammalian Heart. SImilar Ejection Fraction and Contractility of the Heart. The Pressure-Volume Curve. Arterial System Function. Rheological Properties of Mammalian Arteries. Pressure and Flow Relationship: The Windkessel and Vascular Input Impedance. Pulse Propagation Wavelength and System Length. Pulse Wave Reflections. Pulsatile Power Generation and Energy Dissipation. Similarity Analysis of the Cardiovascular Function. Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Mammalian Arteries. Blood Pressure and Flow Waveforms. Laplace's Law. The Heart Rate. Energetics and Efficiency of the Mammalian Heart. Arterioles, Venules, Capillaries and the Red Blood Cells. Myocardial Oxygen Consumption, Blood Flow and Metabolic Turn-Over Rate. Closed-Loop Analysis of the Circulation. Fundamentals of Biological Controls. Allometry in Cardiovascular Control. Heart-Arterial System Interaction. Differentiating the Normal and the Diseased Cardiovascular System. Optimality and Similarity. External Work, Optimal Power, and Efficiency. Geometry and Elasticity: Low Loss Aorta and Branching Characteristics, Minimum Shear. Minimum Local Reflections and Area Ration. The Natural Design Characteristics. References. Index.

OTIs
4390, 2460, 8661