Hurst's the Heart

Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD is affiliated with The Mount Sinai Medical Center and is known internationally, have served as President of the American Heart Association and the World Cardiology Federation.

Robert A. Harrington, MD, FACC, FAHA is Chairman, Department of Medicine, Stanford University.

Zubin J. Eapen, MD is affiliated with the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center.

Jagat Narula, MD serves as Chief of Cardiology at Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai Roosevelt and is Director of Cardiovascular Imaging for the Mount Sinai Health System, Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) and Radiology, and Associate Dean for Global Affairs at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

ContributorsxiPrefacexxvAbbreviationsxxviiVolume OneSECTION 1Cardiovascular Disease: Past, Present, and Future1.A History of the Cardiac Diseases, andthe Development of Cardiovascular Medicineas a Specialty3Robert A. Harrington, Mark E. Silverman, and Charles F. Wooley2.The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases19Catherine P. Benziger, Andrew E. Moran, and Gregory A. Roth3.Assessing and Improving the Quality of Carein Cardiovascular Medicine52Yashashwi Pokharel and John A. SpertusSECTION 2Foundations of Cardiovascular Medicine4.Functional Anatomy of the Heart67Joseph F. Malouf, Joseph J. Maleszewski, A. Jamil Tajik, and James B. Seward5.Normal Physiology of theCardiovascular System101Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez, Brian D. Hoit, Richard A. Walsh, Valentin Fuster, and Borja Ibanez6.Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Heart125Roger J. Hajjar, Kiyotake Ishikawa, and Thomas Thum7.Biology of the Vessel Wall144Hillary Johnston-Cox, Valentin Fuster, and Jason C. Kovacic8.Molecular and Cellular Developmentof the Heart161Miguel Torres and Silvia Martin-Puig9.Genetic Basis of Cardiovascular Disease174Eloisa Arbustini, Valentina Favalli, Nupoor Narula, Eliana Disabella, and Maurizia Grassov10.Stem Cells and the Cardiovascular System205Karim Sallam and Joseph C. WuSECTION 3Evaluation of the Patient11.The History, Physical Examination, andCardiac Auscultation225William R. Miranda and Rick A. Nishimura12.Surface Electrocardiography252Antoni Bayes de Luna, Diego Goldwasser, Miquel Fiol, and Antoni Bayes-Genis13.Electrocardiographic Exercise Testing318Gregory S. Thomas and Myrvin H. Ellestad14.Cardiac Radiography335Geoffrey D. Rubin15.Echocardiography353Thomas H. Marwick, Anthony N. DeMaria, Daniel G. Blanchard, and William A. Zoghbi16.Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Heart433W. Gregory Hundley, Christopher M. Kramer, and Javier Sanz17.Computed Tomography of the Heart469Amir Ahmadi, Jagat Narula, and Jonathon Leipsic18.Nuclear Cardiology499Daniel S. Berman, Rory Hachamovitch, Leslee J. Shaw, Sean W. Hayes, Piotr J. Slomka, Guido Germano,and Jagat Narula19.Positron Emission Tomographyin Heart Disease553K. Lance Gould, Heinrich Schelbert, and Jagat Narula20.Cardiac Catheterization, Cardiac Angiography, and Coronary Blood Flow and PressureMeasurements606Morton J. Kern and Arnold H. Seto21.Coronary Intravascular Imaging657Christos V. Bourantas, Yoshinobu Onuma, Renu Virmani, Jagat Narula, and Patrick W. Serruys22.Magnetic Resonance Imagingand Computed Tomography of theVascular System686Marc R. Dweck, Michelle C. Williams, Prakash Krishnan, Valentin Fuster, Jagat Narula, and Zahi A. Fayad viContentsSECTION 4Systemic Arterial Hypertension23.Epidemiology of Hypertension703Nathan D. Wong and Stanley S. Franklin24.Pathophysiology of Hypertension720John E. Hall, Joey P. Granger, Daniel W. Jones, and Michael E. Hall25.Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension751Lawrence R. KrakoffSECTION 5Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Disease26.The Metabolic Syndrome767Michael A. Via and Jeffrey I. Mechanick27.Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease776W. Timothy Garvey and Jeffrey I. Mechanick28.Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease789Michael E. Farkouh, Elliot J. Rayfield, and Valentin Fuster29.Hyperlipidemia817Robert S. Rosenson and Scott M. GrundySECTION 6Cigarette Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases30.Epidemiology of Smoking and Pathophysiologyof Cardiovascular Damage849Sunil K. Agarwal, Petra Maslov, Jagat Narula, and Valentin Fuster31.Preventing and Mitigating Smoking-RelatedHeart Disease860Sara Kalkhoran and Stanton GlantzSECTION 7Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease32.Atherothrombosis: Disease Burden, Activity,and Vulnerability871Erling Falk and Valentin Fuster33.Coronary Thrombosis: Localand Systemic Factors880Juan Jose Badimon, Borja Ibanez, Valentin Fuster, and Lina Badimon34.Coronary Blood Flow and MyocardialIschemia893K. Lance Gould, Henry Gewirtz, and Jagat Narula35.Nonobstructive Atherosclerotic and Nonatherosclerotic CoronaryHeart Disease923David E. Winchester and Carl J. Pepine36.Definitions of Acute Coronary Syndromes946Usman Baber, David Holmes, Jonathan Halperin, and Valentin Fuster37.Pathology of Myocardial Infarctionand Sudden Death954Maria E. Romero, Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez, Elena Ladich, Valentin Fuster, Borja Ibanez, and Renu Virmani38.Molecular and Cellular Mechanismsof Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury977Borja Ibanez, Gerd Heusch, David Garcia-Dorado, Valentin Fuster, and Derek Yellon39.Evaluation and Management of Non-ST-Segment ElevationMyocardial Infarction995David J. Moliterno and James L. Januzzi, Jr.40.ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ... 1017Manesh R. Patel, Mandeep Singh, Bernard J. Gersh, and William O'Neill41.Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapyin Acute Coronary Syndromes1055Dominick J. Angiolillo, Gregory R. Giugliano, Daniel I. Simon, and Roxana Mehran42.Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Acute Myocardial Infarctionand Acute Coronary Syndromes1109William O'Neill, Cindy Grines, and George Dangas43.The Evaluation and Managementof Stable Ischemic Heart Disease1132Bradley A. Maron, Bernard J. Gersh, and Patrick T. O'Gara44.Coronary Artery Bypass Graftingand Percutaneous Interventions in StableIschemic Heart Disease1160Michael E. Farkouh, Samin K. Sharma, Matthew I. Tomey, John Puskas,and Valentin Fuster45.Rehabilitation of the Patient with CoronaryHeart Disease1173Mary Ann McLaughlin ContentsviiSECTION 8Valvular Heart Disease46.Acute Rheumatic Fever1187Liesl Zuhlke, Jagat Narula, and Jo
nathan R. Carapetis47.Aortic Valve Disease1196Blase A. Carabello and Rebecca T. Hahn48.Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease1215Javier G. Castillo, David H. Adams, Blase A. Carabello, and Partho P. Sengupta49.Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation1238John D. Groarke, Blase A. Carabello, and Patrick T. O'Gara50.Mitral Stenosis1248Vinay K. Bahl, Ravi S. Math, and Blase A. Carabello51.Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve Disease1260Joanna Y. Chikwe and Javier G. Castillo52.Prosthetic Heart Valves1277Joanna Chikwe and Javier G. Castillo53.Antithrombotic Therapy for ValvularHeart Disease1300Vinay K. Bahl and Ravi S. Math54.Management of Mixed ValvularHeart Disease1310Blase A. CarabelloVolume TwoSECTION 9Congenital Heart Disease55.Mendelian Basis of Congenital and Other Cardiovascular Diseases1319Ali J. Marian, Ramon Brugada, and Robert Roberts56.Congenital Heart Disease in Adolescentsand Adults1363Jeannette P. Lin, Jamil A. Aboulhosn, and John S. ChildSECTION 10Myocardial, Pericardial, and Endocardial Diseases57.Classification of Cardiomyopathies1397Jagat Narula, Barry J. Maron, Navneet Narula, and Eloisa Arbustini58.Dilated Cardiomyopathy1408Eloisa Arbustini, Alessandra Serio, Valentina Favalli,G.William Dec, and Jagat Narula59.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies1443Luis R. Lopes and Perry M. Elliott60.Left Ventricular Noncompaction1465Eloisa Arbustini, Alessandra Serio, Valentina Favalli, Nupoor Narula, and Maurizia Grasso61.Restrictive Heart Diseases1482Eloisa Arbustini, Alessandra Serio, Valentina Favalli,G.William Dec, Giovanni Palladini, and Jagat Narula62.Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy1509Srinivas R. Dukkipati, Peter J. Mohler, Lorenzo Paolo Giuliani, Valentina Favalli, Jagat Narula, and Eloisa Arbustini63.Myocarditis1528Eloisa Arbustini, Manuela Agozzino, Valentina Favalli, and Jagat Narula64.The Athlete and the CardiovascularSystem1561N. A. Mark Estes III, Mark S. Link, and Barry J. Maron65.Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly: Pathophysiology and ClinicalImplications1571Joshua M. Stolker, Dae H. Kim, and Michael W. Rich66.Pericardial Diseases1594William R. Miranda, Massimo Imazio, Kevin L. Greason, John M. Stulak, and Jae K. Oh67. Infective Endocarditis ....................... 1621Joseph S. Alpert and Stephen A. KlotzSECTION 11Heart Failure68.Pathophysiology of Heart Failure.............. 1651Hanna K. Gaggin and G. William Dec69.The Epidemiology of Heart Failure ............ 1674Deepak K. Gupta, Charlotte Andersson, Ramachandran S. Vasan, and Thomas J. Wang70.The Diagnosis and Management ofChronic Heart Failure ....................... 1690Tariq Ahmad, Javed Butler, and Barry Borlaug71.Evaluation and Management of AcuteHeart Failure ............................... 1726Michelle Weisfelner Bloom, Robert T. Cole, and Javed Butler viiiContents72. Cardiac Transplantation ..................... 1746Michelle M. Kittleson, Jignesh K. Patel, and Jon A. Kobashigawa73. Mechanically Assisted Circulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1768Joseph G. Rogers, Chetan B. Patel, and Carmelo A. MilanoSECTION 12Cardiopulmonary Disease74. Pulmonary Hypertension .................... 1785Lewis J. Rubin75. Pulmonary Embolism ....................... 1809Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez, Victor Tapson, Valentin Fuster, and Borja Ibanez76.Cor Pulmonale: The Heart in ParenchymalLung Disease............................... 1835Ori Ben-Yehuda77.Sleep-Disordered Breathing and CardiacDisease .................................... 1841Martin R. CowieSECTION 13Rhythm and Conduction Disorders78.Electrophysiologic Anatomy ................. 1865Jonathan P. Piccini, Siew Yen Ho, and Anton E. Becker79.Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmiasand Conduction Disturbances ................ 1881Peng-Sheng Chen and Charles Antzelevitch80.Genetics of Channelopathies and Clinical Implications ............................... 1910Silvia G. Priori and Carlo Napolitano81.Approach to the Patient withCardiac Arrhythmias........................ 1923Sanjiv M. Narayan and David E. Krummen82.Invasive Diagnostic Electrophysiology ......... 1938Dinesh Sharma and Srinivas R. Dukkipati83.Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter,and Atrial Tachycardia....................... 1950Eric N. Prystowsky, Jonathan Halperin, and Peter Kowey84.Supraventricular Tachycardia: Atrial Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry,and Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome ........ 1967Hugh Calkins85. Ventricular Arrhythmias..................... 1983Jason S. Bradfield, Noel G. Boyle, and Kalyanam Shivkumar86. Bradyarrhythmias .......................... 2006Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman and Kenneth A. Ellenbogen87. Antiarrhythmic Drugs....................... 2029Joshua M. Arkin, Colleen Hanley, Gan-Xin Yan, and Peter R. Kowey88.Catheter-Ablative Techniques ................ 2047Amit Noheria, Abhishek J. Deshmukh, Christopher McLeod, and Samuel J. Asirvatham89.Pacemakers and Defibrillators ................ 2066Gaurav A. Upadhyay and Jagmeet P. Singh90.Diagnosis and Management of Syncope ........ 2098Blair P. Grubb91. Sudden Cardiac Death....................... 2113Jonathan W. Waks and Mark E. Josephson92. Cardiopulmonary and CardiocerebralResuscitation .............................. 2144Eyal Herzog, Lee Herzog, and Emad AzizSECTION 14Diseases of the Great Vessels and Peripheral Vessels93. Diseases of the Aorta ........................ 2157John A. Elefteriades, Jeffrey W. Olin, Jonathan L. Halperin, and Bulat A. Ziganshin94. Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurologic Manifestations of Heart Disease............... 2195Megan C. Leary, Jeffrey S. Veluz, and Louis R. Caplan95. Carotid Artery Stenting...................... 2222Sriram Iyer, Gary Roubin, and Jeffrey W. Olin96.Diagnosis and Management of Diseases of the Peripheral Arteries.......................... 2248Kevin P. Cohoon, Paul W. Wennberg, and Thom W. Rooke97.Diagnosis and Management of Diseases of the Peripheral Venous System.................... 2261Daniella Kadian-Dodov and Jeffrey W. OlinSECTION 15Miscellaneous Conditions and Cardiovascular Disease98.Perioperative Evaluation forNoncardiac Surgery ......................... 2275Daniel Alyesh and Kim Eagle Contentsix 99.Anesthesia and the Patient withCardiovascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2284David L. Reich, Alexander J. C. Mittnacht, and Joel A. Kaplan100.Rheumatologic Diseases and theCardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 2293Parisa Azizad-Pinto and Victor F. Tapson101.The Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patientswith Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2308Gagan Sahni, Tiziano Scarabelli, and Edward T. H. Yeh102.HIV/AIDS and the CardiovascularSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2328William Lewis and Peter F. Currie103. Heart Disease in Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2345Dan G. Halpern, Amy Sarma, Katherine E. Economy, and Anne Marie Valente104. Traumatic Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2364T. Bruce Ferguson, Jr.105. The Kidney in Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2369Bjorn Redfors, Rushad Dordi, and Ori Ben-Yehuda106.Exercise in Health and CardiovascularDisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2388Gerald F. Fletcher, Thomas R. Flipse, and Robert E. Safford SECTION 16Populations and Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease107.Social Determinants of CardiovascularDisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2401Holly G. Atkinson108.Women and Ischemic Heart Disease:An Evolving Saga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2414Leslee J. Shaw, Pamela Charney, and Nanette K. Wenger109.Race, Ethnicity, and Cardiovascular Disease . . . . 2434George A. Mensah and Patrice Desvigne-Nickens110. Environment and Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2449Philip J. Landrigan and Kimberly Morland111.Behavioral Cardiology: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management . . . . 2459Alan Rozanski112.Economics and Cost-Effectivenessin Cardiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2472Daniel B. MarkIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1-I78