The Heart of Africa – Clinical profile of an evolving burden of heart disease in Africa

Simon Stewart PhD, NFESC, FAHA, FCSANZ Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Karen Sliwa MD, PhD, FESC, FACC Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand. Ana Mocumbi MD, PhD, FESC Instituto Nacional de Saude Ministerio da Saude Doencas Cronicas Nao Transmissiveis Instituto Maputo, Mocambique Albertino Damasceno MD, PhD Departamento de Medicina/Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo, Mocambique Mpiko Ntsekhe MD, PhD, FACC Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital Cape Town, South Africa

List of contributors, vii Foreword, x Preface, xii Acknowledgments, xiv Sub?]Saharan Africa and The Heart of Africa: A brief introduction, 1 Section 1: Maternal heart health Karen Sliwa 1 Maternal heart health, 9 Karen Sliwa, John Anthony, and Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner References, 27 Section 2: Infant and childhood heart disease Ana Mocumbi 2 Congenital heart disease, 35 Ana Mocumbi, Tantchou Tchoumi Jacques Cabral, John Musuku, and Serigne A. Ba 3 Acquired heart disease, 44 Ana Mocumbi, Liesl Zuhlke, and Peter Zilla References, 63 Section 3: Spectrum of cardiovascular risk and heart disease in sub?]Saharan Africa Simon Stewart 4 Cardiovascular risk in urban and rural African settings, 73 Kemi Tibazarwa, Karen Sliwa, Melinda Jane Carrington, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, and Simon Stewart 5 The African INTERHEART study, 89 Krisela Steyn and Karen Sliwa 6 The spectrum of heart disease in urban Africans: The Heart of Soweto Study, 96 Melinda Jane Carrington, Karen Sliwa, and Simon Stewart References, 113 Section 4: Infectious heart disease Mpiko Ntsekhe 7 Rheumatic heart disease, 121 Simon Stewart, Melinda Jane Carrington, and Karen Sliwa 8 Pericardial disease, 136 Mpiko Ntsekhe 9 Human immunodeficiency virus related heart disease, 145 Friedrich Thienemann, Melinda Jane Carrington, Karen Sliwa, Mpiko Ntsekhe, and Simon Stewart References, 152 Section 5: Noncommunicable disease Albertino Damasceno 10 Acute coronary syndrome in the African context, 159 Anthony Becker 11 Stroke in the African context, 176 Albertino Damasceno References, 183 Section 6: Heart failure Simon Stewart 12 Acute heart failure, 193 Mahmoud Sani, Dike Bevis Ojji, Anastase Dzudie, and Okechukwu Samuel Ogah 13 Hypertensive heart failure, 212 Dike Bevis Ojji, Mahmoud Sani, Anastase Dzudie, and Okechukwu Samuel Ogah 14 Chronic heart failure, 226 Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Anastase Dzudie, Dike Bevis Ojji, and Mahmoud Sani 15 Pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure, 237 Anastase Dzudie, Friedrich Thienemann, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Dike Bevis Ojji, and Mahmoud Sani References, 245 Abbreviations, 254 Index, 256