Practical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review Toolkit

Editor-in-Chief: Nicholas J. Talley, MD, PhD, is a nationally and internationally recognized clinical gastroenterologist and researcher with a special interest in neurogastroenterology and gastrointestinal epidemiology. He is Pro Vice-Chancellor (and Professor) and Dean (Health) at the University of Newcastle, Australia, but also holds appointments as Adjunct Professor and Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, US, and Adjunct Professor at University of North Carolina. He was previously Chair of the Department of Medicine at Mayo Clinic Florida. Dr Talley is a previous Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Gastroenterology.

List of contributors, ix

Foreword, xv

Preface, xvii

About the companion website, xviii

Section I: How to Ace the Boards in Gastroenterology and Hepatology

1 Introduction and Overview of the Gastroenterology Boards, 3
Brooks Cash

Section II: Esophagus and stomach
Editors Kenneth R. DeVault and Nick J. Talley

Part 1: Pathobiology of the Esophagus and Stomach

2 Anatomy, Embryology, and Congenital Malformations of the Esophagus and Stomach, 11
Lori A. Orlando and Roy C. Orlando

3 Esophageal and Gastric Motor Function, 15
Kenneth R. DeVault, Ernest P. Bouras, and Nicholas J. Talley

Part 2: Other Diagnostic Modalities

4 Radiologic Approach to Diagnosis, 23
Stephen W. Trenkner and James E. Huprich

5 Esophageal Motility Disorders, 28
Magnus Halland and Kenneth R. DeVault

6 Gastric Motility Testing, 36
Jan Tack

Part 3: Problem-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

7 General Approach to History-Taking and Physical Examination of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, 43
Evan S. Dellon and Eugene M. Bozymski

8 Heartburn, Regurgitation, and Chest Pain, 46
Kenneth R. DeVault

9 Dysphagia, 52
Dawn L. Francis

10 Miscellaneous Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms, 56
Mohamed Sultan and James H. Lewis

11 Dyspepsia, 70
Nicholas J. Talley, Kate Napthali, and Kenneth McQuaid

12 Nausea and Vomiting, 74
John K. DiBaise

13 Hematemesis, 79
Thomas O.G. Kovacs and Dennis M. Jensen

Part 4: Diseases of the Esophagus

14 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, 85
Robert T. Kavitt and Michael F. Vaezi

15 Barrett's Esophagus, 91
Shanmugarajah Rajendra and Prateek Sharma

16 Eosinophilic Esophagitis, 98
Jeffrey A. Alexander

17 Strictures, Rings, andWebs, 105
Ioannis S. Papanikolaou and Peter D. Siersema

Part 5: Diseases of the Stomach

18 Peptic Ulcer Disease, 115
Francis K.L. Chan and Nicholas J. Talley

19 Helicobacter pylori, 121
Barry J. Marshall

20 Gastritis, 126
Massimo Rugge and David Y. Graham

21 Gastroparesis, 132
Henry P. Parkman and Nicholas J. Talley

22 Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, 138
Thomas J. Savides

23 Other Gastric Tumors (Benign and Malignant), 145
Sun-Chuan Dai and Michael L. Kochman

24 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis, 152
Magnus Halland and Nicholas J. Talley

25 Esophageal and Gastric Involvement in Systemic and Cutaneous Diseases, 156
John M. Wo

Part 6: Functional Disease of the Esophagus and Stomach

26 Functional Esophageal Disorders, 169
Ellionore Jarbrink-Sehgal, Kenneth R. DeVault, and Nicholas J. Talley

Section III: Intestine and Pancreas

Editor Michael Wallace

Part 1: Pathobiology of the Intestine and Pancreas

27 Clinical Anatomy, Embryology, and Congenital Anomalies, 177
Advitya Malhotra and Joseph H. Sellin

28 Small-Intestinal Hormones and Neurotransmitters, 181
James Reynolds

29 Mucosal Immunology of the Intestine, 187
Maneesh Dave and William A. Faubion

30 Motor and Sensory Function, 191
Vineet S. Gudsoorkar and Eamonn M.M. Quigley

31 Neoplasia, 198
John M. Carethers

Part 2: Problem-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

32 General Approach to Relevant History-Taking and Physical Examination, 203
Christopher L. Steele and Suzanne Rose

33 Acute Diarrhea, 213
John R. Cangemi

34 Chronic Diarrhea, 218
Lawrence R. Schiller

35 Loss of Appetite and Loss ofWeight, 223
Angela Vizzini and Jaime Aranda-Michel

36 Gastrointestinal Food Allergy and Intolerance, 227
Mark T. DeMeo

37 Obesity: Presentations and Management Options, 231
Andres Acosta, Todd A. Kellogg, and Barham K. Abu Dayyeh

38 Hematochezia, 237
Lisa L. Strate

39 Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding, 241
R. Sameer Islam and Shabana F. Pasha

40 Constipation, 246
Arnold Wald

41 Perianal Disease, 251
Leyla J. Ghazi and David A. Schwartz

42 Fecal Incontinence, 256
David Prichard and Adil E. Bharucha

43 Colorectal Cancer Screening, 261
Katherine S. Garman and Dawn Provenzale

44 Endoscopic Palliation of Malignant Obstruction, 266
Todd H. Baron

Part 3: Diseases of the Small Intestine

45 Crohn's Disease, 273
Kara M. De Felice and Sunanda V. Kane

46 Small-Bowel Tumors, 279
Nadir Arber and Menachem Moshkowitz

47 Small-Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, 285
Johanna Iturrino and Madhusudan Grover

48 Celiac Disease and Tropical Sprue, 291
Alberto Rubio-Tapia and Joseph A. Murray

49 Whipple's Disease, 296
Seema A. Patil and George T. Fantry

50 Short-Bowel Syndrome, 299
Alan L. Buchman

51 Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy, 304
Lauren K. Schwartz and Carol E. Semrad

52 Acute Mesenteric Ischemia and Chronic Mesenteric Insufficiency, 308
Timothy T. Nostrant

53 Intestinal Obstruction and Pseudo-obstruction, 313
Magnus Halland and Purna Kashyap

Part 4: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum

54 Ulcerative Colitis, 323
Sunanda V. Kane

55 Clostridium difficile Infection and Pseudomembranous Colitis, 328
Byron P. Vaughn and J. Thomas Lamont

56 Colonic Ischemia, 333
Timothy T. Nostrant

57 Acute Diverticulitis, 338
Yuliya Y. Yurko and Tonia M. Young-Fadok

58 Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction, 343
Michael D. Saunders

59 Colonic Polyps and Colorectal Cancer, 349
John B. Kisiel, Paul J. Limburg, and Lisa A. Boardman

60 Pregnancy and Luminal Gastrointestinal Disease, 357
Sumona Saha

61 Consequences of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 363
Vera P. Luther and P. Samuel Pegram

Part 5: Diseases of the Pancreas

62 Acute Pancreatitis and (Peri)pancreatic Fluid Collections, 371
Santhi Swaroop Vege

63 Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Pseudocysts, 378
Pierre Hindy and Scott Tenner

64 Pancreatic Cancer and Cystic Pancreatic Neoplasms, 383
William R. Brugge

Part 6: Functional Diseases of the Small and Large Intestine

65 Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 391
Elizabeth J. Videlock and Lin Chang

66 Chronic Functional Constipation and Dyssynergic Defecation, 400
Satish S.C. Rao and Yeong Yeh Lee

67 Chronic Functional Abdominal Pain, 407
Amy E. Foxx-Orenstein

68 Abdominal Bloating and Visible Distension, 412
Mark Pimentel

Part 7: Transplantation

69 Gastrointestinal Complications of Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, 419
Natasha Chandok and Kymberly D.S. Watt

Section IV: Liver and Biliary Tract

Editors Keith Lindor and Bashar A. Aqel

Part 1: Diagnostic Approaches in Liver Disease

70 Approach to History-Taking and Physical Examination in Liver and Biliary Disease, 429
David D. Douglas

71 Acute Liver Failure, 435
Khurram Bari and Robert J. Fontana

72 Imaging of the Liver and Bile Ducts: Radiographic and Clinical Assessment of Findings, 442
Thomas J. Byrne and Alvin C. Silva

73 Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Liver Biopsy and Other Techniques, 450
Sumeet K. Asrani and Jayant Talwalkar

74 Endoscopic Techniques Used in the Management of Liver and Biliary Tree Disease: ERCP and EUS, 455
Toufic Kachaamy and Douglas Faigel

Part 2: Diseases of the Liver

75 Acute Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, and Other Viruses, 465
Iliana Doycheva and Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco

76 Chronic Hepatitis B and D, 473
Vijayan Balan, Jorge Rakela, and Rebecca Corey

77 Hepatitis C, 480
Michael Charlton and Travis Dick

78 Bacterial and Other Non-viral Infections of the Liver, 487
Maria Teresa A. Seville, Roberto L. Patron, Ann McCullough, and Shimon Kusne

79 Alcoholic Liver Disease, 498
Moira Hilscher and Vijay Shah

80 Drug-Induced Liver Injury, 503
Einar Björnsson and Naga Chalasani

81 Autoimmune Liver Diseases, 508
Justin A. Reynolds and Elizabeth J. Carey

82 Vascular Diseases of the Liver, 513
Brenda Ernst, Pierre Noel, and Bashar A. Aqel

83 Metabolic Syndrome andNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 522
Paul Angulo

84 Hemochromatosis,Wilson's Disease, and Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, 530
Lisa M. Glass and Rolland C. Dickson

85 Hepatic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases, 538
Stephen Crane Hauser

86 Diseases of the Biliary Tract and Gallbladder, 543
Wajeeh Salah and M. Edwyn Harrison

87 Portal Hypertension, 554
Humberto C. Gonzalez and Patrick S. Kamath

88 TIPS, 567
Santiago Cornejo and Sailendra Naidu

89 Primary Carcinoma of the Liver, 574
Renumathy Dhanasekaran, Julie K. Heimbach, and Lewis R. Roberts

90 Pregnancy and Liver Disease, 582
J. Eileen Hay

91 Pediatric Liver Disease, 587
Tamir Miloh

Part 3: Liver Transplantation

92 Indications and Selection of Patients for Liver Transplantation, 601
Michael D. Leise and Marie A. Laryea

93 What Every Hepatologist Should Know about Liver Transplantation, 608
Peter S. Yoo and David C. Mulligan

94 Immunosuppression Used in Liver Transplantation, 617
Rebecca L. Corey and David D. Douglas

95 Medical Management of the Liver Transplant Patient, 626
William C. Palmer and Denise M. Harnois

96 Organ Allocation Policy: Practical Issues and Challenges to the Gastroenterologist, 632
Jessica Yu and Pratima Sharma

97 Endoscopic Ultrasound, 637
Thomas J. Savides

Online-Only Chapters

98 Small-Intestinal Ulcerations
Reza Y. Akhtar and Blair S. Lewis

99 Enteroscopy
G. Anton Decker, Jonathan A. Leighton, and Frank J. Lukens

100 Esophageal Dilation: An Overview
Parth J. Parekh and David A. Johnson

101 Advanced Colonoscopy, Polypectomy, and Colonoscopic Imaging
Farrah Rahmani and Douglas K. Rex

102 Physiology of Weight Regulation
Louis Chaptini and Steven Peikin

Index, 641