Yamada′s Textbook of Gastroenterology 6e

Editor-in-Chief: Daniel K. Podolsky, M.D. President, Professor of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Associate Editors: Michael Camilleri, M.D, Professor of Medicine and Physiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Consultant in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. J. Gregory Fitz, M.D, Dean, Southwestern Medical School, Distinguished Chair in Medical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Anthony N. Kalloo, M.D, Professor of Gastroenterology and Director, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD USA. Fergus Shanahan, M.D, Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine and Director, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork University Hospital, Ireland. Timothy C. Wang, M.D, Chief, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor Medicine, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA.

Contributors Preface Foreword by Tadataka Yamada PART 1 ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT 1 Development and differentiation of the gastrointestinal system Ben Z. Stanger and Daniel K. Podolsky 2 Stem cells and tissue regeneration Johan H. van Es, Sina Bartfeld and Hans Clevers 3 Esophagus: anatomy and structural anomalies Ikuo Hirano 4 Stomach and duodenum: anatomy and structural anomalies Jean-Pierre Raufman and Eric Goldberg 5 Small intestine: anatomy and structural anomalies Deborah C. Rubin and Anisa Shaker 6 Colon: anatomy and structural anomalies Jeffrey B. Matthews and Konstantin Umanskiy 7 Pancreas: anatomy and structural anomalies Kevin Tri Nguyen and Diane M. Simeone 8 Abdominal cavity: anatomy, structural anomalies, and hernias Kevin Murphy, Michael M. Maher, and Owen J. O Connor. 9 Gallbladder and biliary tract: anatomy and structural anomalies Theodore H. Welling, III 10 Liver: anatomy, structural anomalies, and cell types Gary C. Kanel 11 Gastrointestinal blood flow D. Neil Granger and Thorsten Vowinkel PART 2 MECHANISMS OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION A Components 12 Integrative responses of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver to a meal Stephen J. Pandol, Helen E. Raybould and Hal Yee 13 Gastrointestinal hormones and receptors Laurence J. Miller 14 The brain-gut axis Qasim Aziz and Adam D Farmer 15 The innervation of the gastrointestinal tract John B. Furness, Daniel P. Poole, Hyun Jung Cho, Brid Callaghan and Leni R. Rivera 16 Smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract Gabriel M. Makhlouf and Karnam S. Murthy 17 The mucosal immune system and gastrointestinal inflammation Fabio Cominelli, Kristen O. Arseneau, Matthew J. Hamilton and Richard S. Blumberg 18 Epithelia and gastrointestinal function Jerrold R. Turner B Motility 19 Esophageal motor function Peter J. Kahrilas, John E. Pandolfino and David A. Katzka 20 Gastric motility and gastric emptying Michael Camilleri 21 Motility of the small intestine and colon Adil E. Bharucha and William Lee Hasler 22 Biliary tract motility Gary M. Mawe, Brigitte Lavoie, Peter L. Moses and Maria J. Pozo C Secretion and absorption 23 Gastric secretion M. Michael Wolfe and Robert Lowe 24 Small intestine and colon: electrolyte secretion and absorption Kim E. Barrett and Stephen J. Keely 25 Pancreatic secretion Chung Owyang and John A. Williams 26 Bile secretion and cholestasis Andrew P. Feranchak D Nutrition 27 General nutritional principles David Alpers and Kevin Cashman 28 Control of appetite/satiety and energy balance Joel K. Elmquist and Jay D. Horton 29 Nutrient sensing, digestion, and absorption/assimilation Eamonn M M Quigley and Shrinivas Bishu 30 Vitamins and minerals Francis Okeke, Danielle Flug Capalino, Laura Matatese and Gerard E. Mullin E Miscellaneous 31 Neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract Raymond N. DuBois and Ofer Margalit 32 The human intestinal microbiota and microbiome Omry Koren and Ruth E. Ley 33 Drug metabolism, transport, and pharmacogenomics Kristina K. Wolf, Brandon T. Gufford, Scott J. Brantley, Paul B. Watkins, and Mary F. Paine PART 3 PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 34 Clinical decision making Jasmine K. Zia and John Inadomi 35 Approach to the patient with dyspepsia and related functional gastrointestinal complaints Jan F. Tack 36 Approach to the patient with dysphagia, odynophagia, or noncardiac chest pain Andre J.P.M. Smout 37 Approach to the patient with unintentional weight loss Sreedhar Subramanian and Jonathan M. Rhodes 38 Approach to the patient with nausea and vomiting William Lee Hasler 39 Approach to the patient with abdominal pain Pankaj J. Pasricha 40 Approach to the patient with gas and bloating Satish S.C. Rao and Yeong Yeh Lee 41 Approach to the patient with diarrhea Gail A. Hecht, Jonathan Gaspar, and Miguel Malespin 42 Approach to the patient with constipation Charlene M. Prather 43 Approach to the patient with acute abdomen Kenneth McQuaid and Courtney B. Sherman 44 Approach to the patient with GI bleeding Dennis M. Jensen and Kevin A.Ghassemi 45 Approach to the patient with abnormal liver chemistries or jaundice J. Gregory Fitz 46 Approach to gastrointestinal and liver diseases in pregnancy Nancy S. Reau and Sumona Saha 47 Genetic counseling for gastrointestinal patients Richard Boland, Jr. and Laura E. Panos PART 4 GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES A-Esophagus 48 Motility disorders of the esophagus Peter J. Kahrilas and John E. Pandolfino 49 Gastroesophageal reflux disease Peter J. Kahrilas, John E. Pandolfino, and Sabine Roman 50 Eosinophilic esophagitis Yael Haberman Ziv, Margaret H. Collins and Marc E. Rothenberg 51 Esophageal infections and disorders associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome C. Mel Wilcox 52 Barrett esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Stuart J. Spechler, David H. Wang and Rhonda F. Souza 53 Esophageal neoplasms Anil Rustgi and Adam J. Bass 54 Miscellaneous diseases of the esophagus: foreign bodies, physical injury, and systemic and dermatological diseases Seth D. Crockett, Evan S. Dellon and Nicholas J. Shaheen B-Stomach 55 Disorders of gastric emptying Henry P. Parkman 56 Peptic ulcer disease John Christopher Atherton, Richard Ingram and Krishnan Ragunath 57 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Robert T. Jensen 58 Gastritis and gastropathy Mary Kay Washington and Richard Peek 59 Tumors of the stomach Emad M. El-Omar and Mairi H McLean 60 Miscellaneous diseases of the stomach Tamas Gonda and Yanghee Woo C-Small intestine 61 Dysmotility of the small intestine and colon Lawrence Szarka 62 Bacterial, viral, and toxic causes of diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and anorectal infections Mitchell B. Cohen 63 Chronic infections of the small intestine Billy Bourke and Seamus Hussey 64 Celiac disease Daniel A. Leffler, Melinda Dennis, and Ciaran P. Kelly 65 Disorders of epithelial transport, metabolism, and digestion in the small intestine Eugene B. Chang 66 Bacterial overgrowth Eamonn M. M. Quigley 67 Short bowel syndrome and small bowel transplantation John K. DiBaise and Debra Sudan 68 Tumors of the small intestine Barbara H. Jung and Maria Rosario Ferreira 69 Miscellaneous diseases of the small intestine Marc S. Levin D-Inflammatory Bowel Disease 70 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pathogenesis Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Ramnik J. Xavier and Daniel K. Podolsky 71 Ulcerative colitis Stephen B. Hanauer and Daniel K. Podolsky 72 Crohn's disease: clinical manifestation and management Stephan R. Targan and Gil Melmed 73 Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Alessandro Fichera, Emily Finlayson, Leon Maggiori and Fabrizio Michelassi 74 Microscopic colitis and other miscellaneous inflammatory and structural disorders of the colon Eugene Yen and Darrell S. Pardi E-Colon 75 Irritable bowel syndrome Lin Chang and Elizabeth J. Videlock 76 Diverticular disease of the colon Robin C. Spiller and David J. Humes 77 Polyps of the colon and rectum Daniel C. Chung and John J. Garber III 78 Malignant tumors of the colon Andrew T. Chan and Jay Luther 79 Polyposis syndromes Randall W. Burt and Kory Jasperson 80 Colorectal cancer screening Uri Ladabaum 81 Anorectal diseases Arnold Wald and Adil Bharucha F-Pancreas 82 Acute pancreatitis Hana Algul, Andreas Weber, Wolfgang Huber and Roland M. Schmid II 83 Autoimmune pancreatitis Suresh T. Chari and Philip A. Hart 84 Chronic pancreatitis Joachim Mossner, Albrecht Hoffmeister and Julia Mayerle 85 Hereditary diseases of the pancreas David C. Whitcomb 86 Cystic lesions of the pancreas James Farrell 87 Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas Andrew M. Lowy and Paul T. Fanta 88 Endocrine and other tumors of the pancreas Daniel C. Chung and Peter Carolan G-Gallbladder and biliary tract 89 Gallstones Piero Portincasa and David Q.-H. Wang 90 Primary sclerosing cholangitis and other cholangiopathies Konstantinos N. Lazaridis and Jayant A. Talwalkar 91 Cystic diseases of the liver and biliary tract Shelly C. Lu and James Buxbaum 92 Tumors of the biliary tract Tushar Patel 93 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and postcholecystectomy syndrome John O. Clarke and Anthony N. Kalloo H-Liver 94 Acute viral hepatitis Marc G. Ghany and T. Jake Liang 95 Chronic hepatitis B viral infection Jules Dienstag and Karin Andersson 96 Hepatitis C virus infection Raymond T. Chung and Andrew Tai 97 Drug-induced liver disease William M. Lee 98 Acute liver failure William M. Lee 99 Autoimmune hepatitis Michael P. Manns and Richard Taubert 100 Primary biliary cirrhosis Dwain L. Thiele and Marlyn J. Mayo 101 Hemochromatosis Paul C. Adams 102 Metabolic diseases of the liver Shikha S. Sundaram and Ronald J. Sokol 103 Alcoholic liver diseases Jose Altamirano, Eric E. Orman and Ramon Bataller 104 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease M. Shadab Siddiqui and Arun J. Sanyal 105 Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Don C. Rockey 106 Ascites and its complications Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao 107 Central nervous system and pulmonary complications of end-stage liver disease Jasmohan Bajaj and Scott C. Matherly 108 Liver transplantation Robert S. Brown, Jr. and Alyson Fox 109 Hepatocellular carcinoma Amit Singal and Jorge A. Marrero 110 Liver abscess David S. Raiford and Roman E. Perri 111 Vascular diseases of the liver Laurie D. DeLeve and Susana Seijo I-Miscellaneous 112 Intraabdominal abscesses and fistulae Peter Irving and Nyree Griffin 113 Diseases of the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, mesentery, and omentum Jennifer W. Harris and B. Mark Evers 114 Nutritional support Joshua D. Novak and Steven J. D.O'Keefe 115 Obesity: treatment and complications Louis A. Chaptini and Steven R. Peikin 116 Bariatric surgery Danny O. Jacobs and Obos Ekhaese 117 Eating disorders Henry C. Lin and Eric E. Stone 118 Complications of AIDS and other immunodeficiency states Phillip Doyle Smith and Edward N. Janoff 119 Immunological disorders: (a) Food Allergy and hypersensitivity Jonathan O'B Hourihane 120 Immunological disorders: (b) GI complications of organ transplantation and small bowel transplantation Fergus Shanahan and Paula O Leary 121 Parasitic diseases: protozoa Ellen Li and Samuel Stanley 122 Parasitic diseases: helminths Thormika Keo, John Leung and Joel Weinstock 123 Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of specific genetic disorders Judy Cho 124 Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic diseases Eran Israeli and Charles N Bernstein 125 Skin lesions associated with gastrointestinal and liver diseases Kim Yancey and Travis W. Vandergriff 126 Oral manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases Vidyasagar Ramappa and Yashwant R. Mahida 127 Gastrointestinal vascular malformations and neoplasms Anne C. Travis and Joshua R. Korzenik 128 Intestinal ischemia and vasculitides Juan-Ramon Malagelada and Carolina Malagelada 129 Radiation injury in the gastrointestinal tract Steven M. Cohn, Alda Vidrich and Stephen J. Bickston 130 Complementary and alternative medicine in gastroenterology Anthony J. Lembo and Andrea Bollom PART 5 DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY A-Endoscopic 131 General approach to endoscopy: sedation, monitoring, and preparation Douglas K. Rex and Hala Fatima 132 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy William R. Brugge and Abdurrahman Kadayifci 133 Capsule and small bowel endoscopy Jonathan A. Leighton and Shabana F. Pasha 134 Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy Peter H. Rubin, Steven Naymagon, Christopher B. Williams and Jerome D. Waye 135 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: diagnostic and therapeutic Martin L. Freeman and Mustafa Arain 136 Gastrointestinal dilation and stent placement Richard A. Kozarek and Shayan Irani 137 Endoscopic approaches to enteral nutrition Todd H. Baron and Ryan J. Law 138 Management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage related to portal hypertension Zhiping Li and Tinsay A. Woreta 139 Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage Joseph Leung and Anne Thai 140 Endoscopic therapy for polyps and tumors Mouen A. Khashab and Heiko Pohl 141 Laparoscopy and laparotomy Ricardo Zorron and Gustavo Carvalho 142 Submucosal endoscopy: diagnostic and therapeutic Christopher J. Gostout 143 Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) Vivek Kumbhari and Anthony N. Kalloo B-Imaging 144 Plain and contrast radiology Marc S. Levine and Stephen Rubesin 145 Transabdominal sonography Ulrike M. Hamper, Stephanie Coquia and Linda Chu 146 Endoscopic ultrasonography: diagnostic and therapeutic Marcia Irene Canto and Mouen A. Khashab 147 Computed tomography of the gastrointestinal tract Siva P. Raman, Karen M. Horton, Pamela T. Johnson, Alec J. Megibow, and Elliot K. Fishman 148 Magnetic resonance imaging in the gastrointestinal tract Donald G. Mitchell and Diane Bergin 149 Positron emission tomography Manuela Matesan, Jonathan Sham, James Park, and Satoshi Minoshima 150 Radionuclide imaging in the gastrointestinal tract Harvey A. Ziessman 151 Abdominal angiography Kyung Jae Cho 152 Interventional radiology Todd Schlachter, Julius Chapiro, Rafael Duran, Vania Tacher, Camila Zamboni, Luke J. Higgins and Jean-Francois Geschwind 153 Confocal laser endomicroscopy Helmut Neumann and Ralf Kiesslich C-Pathology 154 Liver biopsy and histopathological diagnosis Sugantha Govindarajan 155 Endoscopic mucosal biopsy: histopathological interpretation Elizabeth A. Montgomery D-Gastrointestinal function studies 156 Tests of gastric and exocrine pancreatic function and absorption Joseph R. Pisegna and Deepinder Goyal Index