The Carnitine System

Part I: The Carnitine System in the Heart: Molecular Aspects. Carnitine-dependent pathways in heart muscle; J. Bremer. Carnitine and carnitine esters in mitochondrial metabolism and function; F. di Lisa, R. Barbato, R. Menabo, N. Siliprandi. The effects of carnitine on myocardial carbohydrate metabolism; B.R. Schonekess, G.D. Lopaschuk. Accumulation of fatty acids and their carnitine derivatives during myocardial ischemia; G.J. van der Vusse. Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase in ischemia; J.B. McMillin. Amphiphilic interaction of long-chain fatty acylcarnitines with membranes: potential involvement in ischemic injury; J.M.J. Lamers. Mitochondrial injury in the ischemic-reoxygenated cardiomyocyte - The role of lipids and other pathogenic facts; H.M. Piper, T. Noll, B. Siegmund. Free radical-mediated damage and carnitine esters; J.F. Koster. Carnitine transport in volume-overloaded rat hearts; J. Moravec, Z. El Alaoui-Tablibi, C. Brunold. Myocardial carnitine deficiency in human cardiomyopathy; V. Regitz-Zagrosek, E. Fleck. Part II: Therapeutic Efficacy of L-Carnitine at the Myocardial Level. Is the carnitine system part of the heart antioxidant network? A. Arduini, F. Molajoni, R. Kirk, E. Arrigoni Martelli. Experimental evidence of the anti-ischemic effect of L-carnitine; D.J. Paulson, A.L. Shug. Carnitine metabolism during diabetes and hyperthyroidy; D. Feuvray. Carnitine and lactate metabolism; R. Ferrari, O. Visioli. Therapeutic potential of L-carnitine in patients with angina pectoris; C.J. Pepine, M.A. Welsch. Carnitine and myocardial infarction; P. Mizzon, M. di Viase, G. Biasco, M.V. Pitzalis. Part III: Therapeutic Efficacy of Propionyl-L-Carnitine. Cardiac electrophysiology of propionyl-L-carnitine; A. Mugelli, E. Carbai, M. Barbieri. Acute vs. chronic treatment with propionyl-L-carnitine: biochemical, hemodynamic and electrophysiological effects on rabbit heart; J.W. de Jong, A. Mugelli, F. di Lisa, R. Ferrari. Mechanical recovery with propionyl-L-carnitine; A.J. Liedtke. Dissociation of hemodynamic and metabolic effects of propionyl-L-carnitine in ischemic pig heart; P.D. Verdouw, L.M.A. Sassen, D.J. Duncker, J.M.J. Lamers. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on rats with experimentally induced cardiomyopathies; R. Micheletti, A. Schiavone, G. Bianchi. Utilization of propionyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of heart failure; R. Ferrari, I. Anand. Hemodynamic and metabolic effect of propionyl-L-carnitine in patients with heart failure; S. Caponnetto, C. Brunelli. Carnitine metabolism in peripheral arterial disease; W.R. Hiatt, E.P. Brass. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on experimental models of peripheral arteriopathy in the rat; N. Corsico, E. Arrigoni-Martelli. (Part contents).