Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives

Kashmiri Lal Mittal was employed by the IBM Corporation from 1972 through 1993. Currently, he is teaching and consulting worldwide in the broad areas of adhesion as well as surface cleaning. He has received numerous awards and honors including the title of doctor honoris causa from Maria Curie-Skodowska University, Lublin, Poland. He is the editor of more than 115 books dealing with adhesion measurement, adhesion of polymeric coatings, polymer surfaces, adhesive joints, adhesion promoters, thin films, polyimides, surface modification, surface cleaning, and surfactants. Dr. Mittal is also the Founding Editor of the journal Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives.

Preface xv

1 Adhesion of Condensed Bodies at Microscale: Variation with Movable Boundary Conditions 1
Jian-Lin Liu, Jing Sun, Runni Wu and Re Xia

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Kinematics: Energy Variation with Movable Boundary Conditions 3

1.3 Microbeam/plate Adhesion 9

1.4 Droplet Adhesion to a Solid 13

1.5 Elastica Model of CNT Adhesion 17

1.6 Cell Adhesion 20

1.7 Summary and Prospects 23

Acknowledgements 24

References 24

2 Imparting Adhesion Property to Silicone Materials: Challenges and Solutions 31
R. Kalinova, R. Mincheva and Ph. Dubois

2.1 Introduction 32

2.2 Cured PDMS 32

2.3 Methods for Cross-Linked PDMS Surface Modification 37

2.4 Summary and Prospects 48

Acknowledgements 48

References 50

3 Functionally Graded Adhesively Bonded Joints 57
M. Kemal Apalak

3.1 Introduction 57

3.2 Functionally Graded Materials 61

3.3 Constitutive Relations 63

3.4 Joints with Functionally Graded Adherends 67

3.5 Functionally Graded Adhesives 73

3.6 Conclusions 77

References 78

4 Synthetic Adhesives for Wood Panels: Chemistry and Technology 85
A. Pizzi

4.1 Introduction 85

4.2 Urea-formaldehyde (UF) Adhesives 87

4.3 Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) and Melamine-ureaformaldehyde (MUF) Adhesives 93

4.4 Phenolic Resins 99

4.5 Isocyanate Wood Adhesives 106

4.6 Summary 116

References 116

5 Adhesion Theories in Wood Adhesive Bonding 125
Douglas J. Gardner, Melanie Blumentritt, Lu Wang and Nadir Yildirim

5.1 Introduction 125

5.2 Mechanical Interlocking and Mechanics of Adhesive-Wood Interactions 129

5.3 Electrostatic Adhesion 135

5.4 Wettability, Surface Energy, Thermodynamic Adhesion 137

5.5 Diffusion Theory of Adhesion 145

5.6 Covalent Bonding 148

5.7 Acid-base Theory 149

5.8 Weak Boundary Layer 150

5.9 Discussion and Future Research Prospects 155

5.10 Summary 157

References 158

6 Adhesion and Surface Issues in Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 169
Cintil Jose, Merin Sara Thomas, B. Deepa, Laly A. Pothan and Sabu Thomas

6.1 Introduction 170

6.2 Biopolymers 170

6.3 Chemical Modification of Cellulose, Chitin and Starch 174

6.4 Bio-based Matrices 177

6.5 Processing Techniques 184

6.6 Interfacial Adhesion Issues 185

6.7 Interface Characterization Techniques 189

6.8 Summary and Conclusions 207

References 207

7 Adhesion Phenomena in Pharmaceutical Products and Applications of AFM 219
Emily Callard Preedy, Stefano Perni and Polina Prokopovich

7.1 Introduction 220

7.2 Adhesion in Pharmaceuticals 222

7.3 Atomic Force Microscopy 232

7.4 Prospects 236

7.5 Summary 237

Acknowledgments 237

References 237

8 Cyanoacrylate Adhesives in Surgical Applications 245
Edward M. Petrie

8.1 Introduction 245

8.2 Types of Surgical Adhesives 249

8.3 History of Cyanoacrylate Surgical Adhesives 257

8.4 Formulation Development 269

8.5 Properties 278

8.6 Clinical History 285

8.7 Future Potential 290

8.8 Summary 292

References 293

9 Ways to Generate Monosort Functionalized Polyolefin Surfaces 299
J. Friedrich, R. Mix and G. Hidde

9.1 Introduction 300

9.2 Production of Monotype Functional Groups 312

9.3 Other Methods for Introduction of Monotype Functional Groups onto the Polyolefin Surface (Plasma Polymerization, Underwater Plasma, ElectroSpray Ionization Deposition, Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization, Chemical Pretreatment) 329

9.4 Hydrophobic Recovery 335

9.5 Grafting onto Functionalized Polyolefin Surfaces 336

9.6 Summary and Conclusions 342

References 344

10 Nano-Enhanced Adhesives 357
Shahin Shadlou, Babak Ahmadi-Moghadam and Farid Taheri

10.1 Introduction 357

10.2 Why Nanostructured Reinforcements? 358

10.3 Development of Polymer-based Nanocomposites 360

10.4 Mechanical Properties of Nano-reinforced Adhesives 364

10.5 Other Advantages of Nano-Reinforced Adhesives 383

10.6 Conclusion 389

10.7 Acknowledgements 390

References 390

11 Bonding Dissimilar Materials in Dentistry 397
Muhammad Zakir, James Kit-Hon Tsoi, Chun Hung Chu, Christie Ying Kei Lung and Jukka Pekka Matinlinna

11.1 Introduction 398

11.2 Silane Coupling Agents 399

11.3 Zirconate Coupling Agents 403

11.4 Phosphate Coupling Agents 404

11.5 Thione/thiol Coupling Agents 405

11.6 Titanate Coupling Agents 406

11.7 Zircoaluminate Coupling Agents 408

11.8 Other Coupling Agents 408

11.9 Conclusion 410

References 411

12 Flame Treatment of Polymeric Materials: Relevance to Adhesion 417
L. Mazzola and A. Cusma

12.1 Introduction 418

12.2 Flame Treatment Equipment 418

12.3 Effects of Flame Treatment on Plastics 426

12.4 Conclusion 445

References 447

13 Mucoadhesive Polymers for Enhancing Retention in Ocular Drug Delivery 451
Anubha Khare, Kanchan Grover, Pravin Pawar and Inderbir Singh

13.1 Introduction 451

13.2 Composition of Mucus Layer 453

13.3 Natural Mucoadhesive Polymers 454

13.4 Synthetic Polymers 467

13.5 Gene Delivery 472

13.6 Patented Formulations 472

13.7 Future Prospects 472

13.8 Conclusion 473

Acknowledgement 474

References 474

Index 485