Echocardiography

Helen Rimington, BSc, PhD, consultant cardiac physiologist, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK John Chambers, MD, FESC, FACC, professor of clinical cardiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK

Introduction. Minimum Standard Echocardiogram. Organisation of a Report. Indications for Urgent Clinical Advice. Interpretation for the Non-Echocardiographer. Left Ventricular Dimensions and Function. LV Size and Wall Thickness. LV Systolic Function. LV Diastolic Function. Diastolic Heart Failure. Acute Coronary Syndrome. Cardiomyopathies. The Dilated Left Ventricle. The Hypertrophied Left Ventricle. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy. Noncompaction. Arrythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia. The Right Ventricle. Pulmonary Pressure and Hypertension. Aortic Valve Disease. Aortic Stenosis. Aortic Regurgitation. Mitral Valve Disease. Mitral Stenosis. Mitral Regurgitation. Specialist Pre and Post-Operative Assessment. Right-Sided Valve Disease. Tricuspid Regurgitation and Stenosis. Tricuspid Stenosis. Pulmonary Stenosis and Regurgitation. Replacement Heart Valves. General. Replacement Valves in the Aortic Position. Replacement Valves in the Mitral Position. Tricuspid Replacement Valves. Pulmonary Replacement Valves. Endocarditis. The Aorta and Dissection. The Aorta. Dissection. The Atria and Atrial Septum. The Left Atrium. The Right Atrium. The Atrial Septum. Adult Congenital Disease. Simple Defects. Systematic Study. Post-Procedure Studies. Pericardial Disease. Pericardial Effusion. Pericardial Constriction. Pericarditis. Masses.Echocardiography in Acute and Critical Care Medicine. General Clinical Requests. Appropriateness Criteria for Echocardiography. Appendices. Left Ventricle. Critical Care Monitoring. Valve Disease. Summary of Formulae. Figures.