Pathology of Neck Injury

Part 1 Introduction: non-penetrating injuries. Part 2 Anatomy: the hyoid bone; the larynx; the pharynx and oesophagus; the carotid sheath; the carotid arteries; the vertabral artery and its main branches; the veins of the neck; the cervical vertebrae; the spinal cord, meninges and other related structures. Part 3 Techniques of examination: external examination prior to dissection: dissection of the anterior structures; dissection of the posterior structures; examination for air embolism; other techniques for detection of neck trauma. Part 4 Penetrating injuries: stabbing; incised wounds and missile wounds; internal structural injury from penetrating wounds. Part 5 Compressive neck injury I - signs of mechanical asphyxia: petechial haemorrhages; cyanosis; congestion of internal organs; pulmonary oedema; fluidity of blood. Part 6 Compressive neck injury II - manual strangulation: external injuries to the neck; internal injuries; associated injuries to other regions; extent of struggle, length and force of application; survivability and complications; compression of the neck from neck holds. Part 7 Compressive neck injury III - ligature strangulation: external findings; internal injuries. Part 8 Compressive neck injury IV - hanging: the scene of hanging; the ligature mark and other external findings; internal signs of hanging; mechanism of death; accidental hanging; sexual asphyxia; homicidal hanging; simulated suicidal hanging to conceal homicide; judicial hanging. Part 9 Internal airway obstruction: homicidal choking; accidental choking; suicidal choking; mechanism of death in choking. Part 10 Non-compressive blunt impact injuries to the anterior compartment: hyoid bone injuries; laryngeal trauma; cervical trachea trauma; pharyngeal and oesophageal trauma; anterior neck injuries and degenerative disease of the cervical spine; injuries to the carotid arteries. Part 11 Non-compressive blunt impact injuries to the posterior compartment: incidence; flexion and extension injuries; axial compression; lateral flexion injuries; rotational force injuries; whiplash injuries; road traffic accident injuries; sports injuries; injuries to the cervical spine affected by chronic degenerative conditions; cervical cord trauma; vertebral artery trauma. Part 12 Toxic and miscellaneous environmental causes of neck injuries: thermal burns; chemical burns; electrical injuries; voice misuse. Part 13 Injuries resulting from therapeutic, investigative and other related actions: injuries from tracheostomy; injuries resulting from intubation; oesophageal injuries; injuries resulting from invasive vascular techniques; chiropractic manipulation of the neck; neck traction; injuries following resuscitation; injuries from ionizing radiation.