Lymphedema

Edited by Peter C. Neligan, MB, FRCS(I), FRCSC, FACS, professor of surgery and director of the Center for Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington Jaume Masia, MD, PhD, professor and director of the Plastic Surgery Department, Sant Pau University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain Neil Piller, MD, professor, Department of Surgery, Flinders University; and director of Lymphoedema Assessment Unit, Flinders Surgical Oncology, Adelaide, Australia

CURRENT CONCEPTS IN LYMPHEDEMA Lymphedema: Lack of Solutions to a Clinical Problem Manish C. Champaneria and Peter C. Neligan Lymphedema and Its Impact on Quality of Life Jane M. Armer, Jennifer M. Hulett, Janice N. Cormier, Bob R. Stewart, Ausanee Wanchai, and Kate D. Cromwell Measuring Quality of Life Vaughan Keeley ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND LYMPHANGIOGENESIS Embryology Sandro Michelini, Miguel Amore, Lucia Tapia, Gisela Pattarone, Diego Mercado, Jeremy Torrisi, Ira Savetsky, Jason Gardenier, and Babak J. Mehrara Lymphatic Pathways Wei-Ren Pan Applied Anatomy Miguel Amore, Lucia Tapia, Gisela Pattarone, and Diego Mercado Lymphangiogenesis Jeremy Torrisi, Ira Savetsky, Jason Gardenier, and Babak J. Mehrara Impact of Genetics on the Development of the Lymphatic System Kristiana Gordon, Sahar Mansour, and Pia Ostergaard Relationship Between Fat Tissue and Lymphangiogenesis Mauro Andrade Lymphatic Malformations Sandro Michelini, Alessandro Fiorentino, and Marco Cardone Immune Regulation by the Peripheral Lymphatics David G. Hancock PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION Pathophysiology of Primary Lymphedema Byung-Boong Lee and James Laredo Pathophysiology of Secondary Lymphedema Etelka Foldi Clinical Presentation of Secondary Lymphedema of the Lower Leg Terence Ryan Filaria Gurusamy Manokaran, Rajiv Agarwal, and Devisha Agarwal Lymphedema in Pediatrics Cristobal Miguel Papendieck Venous Failure Audra A. Duncan Lymphedema Risk Factors in Breast Cancer Swetha Kambhampati and Stanley Rockson Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Outcomes Janice N. Cormier, Kate D. Cromwell, Jane M. Armer, and Merrick I. Ross DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPHEDEMA Cause and Classification of Lymphatic Disorders Swetha Kambhampati and Stanley Rockson Approach to Diagnosis, Including Differential Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Yener Demirtas and Baris Yigit Neligan Biomarkers Jorg Wilting and Kerstin Buttler Clinical Staging Sandro Michelini, Marco Cardone, and Alessandro Fiorentino Measuring Methods Peter C. Neligan Lymph Pressure and Flow Measurements Waldemar L. Olszewski and Marzanna Zaleska Radionuclide Lymphoscintigraphy Byung-Boong Lee and James Laredo ICG Lymphography Mitsunaga Narushima, Takumi Yamamoto, and Isao Koshima Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography Lee M. Mitsumori CURRENT TREATMENT OF LYMPHEDEMA Conservative Treatments for Lymphedema Neil Piller Pharmacological Treatment of Lymphedema Kathleen Wang Excisional Approaches Peter C. Neligan Liposuction Hakan Brorson Multiple Lymphatic-Venous Anastomoses and Multiple Lymphatic-Venous-Lymphatic Anastomoses Corrado Cesare Campisi, Melissa Ryan, and Corradino Campisi Lymphatic Grafts Ruediger G.H. Baumeister Lymphatico Venular Anastomosis Isao Koshima Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer Corinne Becker Differential Lymph Node Mapping Joseph H. Dayan and Mark L. Smith Local Flaps and Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer Joshua Levine Transverse Myocutaneous Gracilis with Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer Sinikka Suominen and Maija Kolehmainen L.Y.M.P.H.A. Concept Francesco Boccardo Combined Surgical Treatment for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Jaume Masia Interventional Timing Jaume Masia and Peter C. Neligan Lymphedema Complications and Their Treatment Arin K. Greene and Reid A. Maclellan Treatment of Lymphedema in India Rajiv Agarwal, Devisha Agarwal Treatment of Lymphedema in China Ningfei Liu RESEARCH AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Animal Models of Lymphedema Swapna Ghanta, Daniel A. Cuzzone, and Babak J. Mehrara Stem Cells and Possible Future Use in Lymphedema Management Tony Penington and Ramin Shayan Lymphedema Frameworks: Toward Improved Patient Outcomes Christine Moffatt and Susie Murray