Environmental Health (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Environmental Health 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
List of Contributors 10
Foreword 12
Preface 14
Chapter 1. Environment and Health 16
I. Introduction 16
II. Definition of Environmental Health 17
III. Historical Perspective 18
IV. Man-Environment Relationships 20
V. Life Support 21
VI. Residues and Wastes 22
VII. Environmental Hazards 23
VIII. Principles of Environmental Control 33
IX. Environmental Quality 37
References 38
General References 39
Chapter 2. Disease Vectors 42
I. Introduction 42
II. Mosquitoes 43
III. Flies 58
IV. Cockroaches 66
V. Spiders 67
VI. Ticks 69
VII. Bedbugs 70
VIII. Rodents 70
References 86
Chapter 3. Food 90
I. Introduction 91
II. Food Preservation Techniques 95
III. Nutrient Losses in Food Handling, Processing, and Storage 126
IV. Toxic Effects of Microbial Action in Foods 127
V. Spoilage Problems 131
VI. Nonmicrobial Food Toxins 139
VII. Food Additives 143
VIII. Sanitary Considerations in Food Handling 147
IX. Waste Production in the Food Processing Industry 154
X. Conclusion 159
General References 160
Chapter 4. Water and Waste Water 164
I. Water for Domestic Use 164
II. Water for Industrial Use 180
III. Waste Water Considerations 183
IV. Industrial Waste Treatment Processes 199
References 202
Chapter 5. Air—A Priceless Resource 204
I. Introduction 205
II. Emission of Air Pollutants 207
III. Exchange of Air Pollutants 219
IV. Effects of Air Pollutants 237
V. Environment 261
VI. Enforcement of Air Pollution Control 272
VII. Summary 302
References 304
Chapter 6. Solid Waste–The Third Pollution 310
I. Introduction 310
II. Collection Systems 312
III. Sanitary Landfill Disposal 327
IV. Incineration 335
V. Composting 352
VI. Miscellaneous 357
References 363
Chapter 7. Ionizing Radiation 366
I. Use of Ionizing Radiation 366
II. Use and Sources of Ionizing Radiation 368
III. Principles of Radioactivity 373
IV. Effects of Radiation 374
V. Radiation Measurements 377
VI. Protection from Radiation 380
VII. Radiation Safety Program 388
VIII. Regulatory Program 390
IX. Incidents 390
X. Future Perspectives in Radiological Health 392
References 392
Chapter 8. Environmental Control 394
I. Air Engineering–Heating, Ventilating, and Conditioning 394
II. Providing Adequate Lighting 419
III. Noise Evaluation and Control 430
References 443
Chapter 9. The Occupational Environment 446
I. History 446
II. The Environmental Survey 448
III. The Concept of Toxicity 458
IV. Occupational Dermatoses 479
V. Control of the Occupational Environment 487
Chapter 10. Housing and the Residential Environment 498
I. Introduction 498
II. Health Aspects of Housing 499
III. Planning, Zoning, Performance Standards, and Development Controls 503
IV. Building Regulations 507
V. Designing the Residential Environment and the Living Unit 509
VI. Housing Design Standards 513
VII. Appraisal of Housing and Its Environment 517
VIII. Survey Techniques 520
IX. Improvement Programs 521
X. Long-Range Housing Plans 526
XI. International Housing Conditions and Programs 527
References 528
General References 529
Chapter 12. Environmental Planning and Management 532
I. Introduction 532
II. Program Planning 532
III. Statistical Evaluation 541
IV. Systems Planning for Man's Environment 548
V. Organization of Public Efforts for Environmental Control 551
VI. Summary 558
References 559
Subject Index 562