Of Mice and Women (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Nonhuman Primates and Medical Research 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of 
6 
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 12
PREFACE 16
Chapter 1. Monkeys and Yellow Fever 18
I. The Rhesus Monkey and Early History of Yellow Fever Research 18
II. The Role of the New World Monkeys in Yellow Fever Research 20
III. Monkeys and Yellow Fever in the Future 31
References 31
Chapter 2. Monkeys and Malaria 34
Text 34
References 40
Chapter 3. Cell Cultures 42
I. Cell-Culture Media and Methods 45
II. Cells Suitable for Cultivation 46
III. Interaction between Cell Cultures and Parasites 47
IV. Antibody Formation and Pharmacologie Studies 50
V. Radiobiology 51
VI. Discussion 51
References 53
Chapter 4. Tuberculosis and Bacterial Infection 56
I. Introduction 56
II. Tuberculosis 57
III. Bacterial Diseases 65
IV. Summary 73
References 74
Chapter 5. Virus Research 78
I. Introduction 78
II. Early Virus Research—Prior to 1950 79
III. Current Virus Research in Monkeys 87
IV. Diseases—Natural and Experimental 147
V. Conclusions and Perspectives 148
Acknowledgments 152
References 152
Chapter 6. Models for Investigation in Parasitology 184
I. Introduction 184
II. Protozoa 188
III. Helminths 193
IV. Pentastomida 210
V. Status of Nonhuman Primate Parasitology 211
Acknowledgments 212
References 212
Chapter 7. Primates as Organ Donors in Transplantation Studies in Man 220
I. Introduction 220
II. Historical Perspective 221
III. Clinical Aspects of Renal Heterotransplantation 224
IV. Immunologie Studies in Renal Heterotransplantation 225
V. Pathology of Renal Heterotransplantation 226
VI. Implications of Heterotransplantation 227
References 228
Chapter 8. The Importance of Monkeys for the Study of Malignant Tumors in Man 230
Text 230
References 239
Chapter 9. The Use of Primates in Cardiovascular Research 242
I. Introduction 242
II. Historical Aspects of Primate Research 243
III. The Selection of a Suitable Primate 244
IV. The Rhesus Monkey 248
V. The Baboon 251
VI. The Squirrel Monkey 255
VII. The Chimpanzee 257
VIII. Other Aspects of Cardiovascular Research in Primates 258
References 261
Chapter 10. Humanlike Diseases in Anthropoid Apes 266
I. Introduction 266
II. Materials and Methods 267
III. Atherosclerosis 267
IV. Preeclampsia 268
V. Essential Hypertension 269
VI. Ulcerative Colitis 270
VII. Etiology of Humanlike Diseases in Anthropoid Apes 270
VIII. Significance of These Findings 271
IX. Conclusions 272
References 272
Chapter 11. Cross-Circulation between Humans in Hepatic Coma and Chimpanzees 274
I. Introduction 274
II. Cross-Circulation Using Yerkes Chimpanzees 275
III. Effect of the Cross-Circulation Procedure on the Chimpanzee 278
IV. The Second Cross-Circulation 280
V. Discussion 280
VI. Summary and Conclusions 283
References 284
Chapter 12. The Cape Chacma Baboon in Surgical Research 286
I . Mitral-Valve Replacement 287
II. Cardiac Transplantation 288
III. Corneal Transplantation 288
IV. Lung Transplantation 288
V. Auxiliary ex Vivo Extracorporeal Liver Perfusion and Hepatic Assist 289
VI. Immunology and Immunosuppressive Therapy after Tissue Transplantation 289
VII. Antilymphocyte Serum 292
VIII. Drug Evaluation 293
IX. Liver Transplantation 293
X. Organ Preservation 293
XI. Cardiodynamic Studies 294
XII. Normal Anatomic and Physiologic Studies and Values 294
XIII. Handling 294
XIV. Conclusions 295
References 295
Chapter 13. Degenerative Diseases 298
I. Introduction 298
II. General Considerations 299
III. Aging 303
IV. Diseases of the Circulatory System 304
V. Gastrointestinal System 307
VI. Urinary Tract 308
VII. Respiratory System 308
VIII. Nervous System 309
IX. Endocrine System 313
X. The Skeleton 314
XI. Muscles 317
XII. Skin 318
XIII. Sensory Organs 318
XIV. Conclusions 319
References 321
Chapter 14. Modeling of Neurogenic Disease in Monkeys 324
Text 324
References 343
Chapter 15. Development of a Brain Prosthesis 346
I. Introduction 347
II. Programmed Stimulation of the Brain 347
III. Experimental Prosthesis for Stroke 349
IV. Multiple-Electrode Programmable Brain Stimulators 354
V. Computer Programming and Control 359
VI. Programmed Brain Stimulation for Visual Prosthesis 362
VII. Conclusions and Future Possibilities 366
References 367
Chapter 16. Visual Refractive Characteristics and the Subhuman Primate 370
I. Introduction 371
II. Comparative Visual Refractive Characteristics of Human and Subhuman Primates 374
III. The Development of Visual Refractive Characteristics 379
IV. The Role of Heredity in the Development of Visual Refractive Characteristics 383
V. The Role of Environment in the Development of Visual Refractive Characteristics 389
VI. Conclusions 393
References 394
Chapter 17. Contribution of Primate Research to Sensory Physiology 398
I. Studies in the Somatosensory System 399
II. Studies of the Visual System in Primates 404
III. Correlative Studies of Psychophysics and Neurophysiology 411
IV. Studies of Sensory Perception in Primates 418
References 420
Chapter 18. Performance Studies in Biomedical Research 424
Text 424
References 431
Chapter 19. The Importance of Nonhuman Primate Studies of Learning and Related Phenomena for Understanding Human Cognitive Development 432
I. Learning Set Skills 433
II. Transfer Skills 437
III. Extinction 440
IV. Attention and Meditational Deficits 441
V. Changes in Learning Processes 443
References 445
Chapter 20. Mental Retardation 448
I. Introduction and Definition 448
II. Individual Differences 453
III. Genetic Factors 454
IV. Ontogenetic Factors 455
V. Summary 474
Acknowledgments 475
References 476
Chapter 21. Primate Studies and Human Evolution 484
I. New Methods 486
II. Field Studies 490
III. Anatomy 491
IV. Counting the Differences 493
V. Adaptive Complexes 494
VI. Paleontology 496
VII. Parallelism 498
VIII. Conclusions 499
References 500
Chapter 22. The Primate Research Center Program of the National Institutes of Health 504
Research in the Primate Centers 508
Conclusion 530
SUBJECT INDEX 532