Cell (eBook)

Front 
1 
The Cell: 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 6
PREFACE 8
CONTENTS, VOLUMES II AND III 14
CONTENTS, VOLUMES IV AND V 15
INTRODUCTION 16
PART I: 
24 
CHAPTER 1. Optical Methods 
26 
I. INTRODUCTION 26
II. EXTENSIONS OF OPTICAL MICROSCOPY 28
III. THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IN CYTOLOGY 38
IV. THE X-RAY MICROSCOPY OF CELLS 42
V. CONCLUSION 44
REFERENCES 45
CHAPTER 2. 
46 
I. DEFINITION OF FIXATION AND STAINING 47
II. FIXATION 48
III. STAINING FOR LIGHT MICROSCOPY 66
IV. STAINING FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 79
REFERENCES 85
CHAPTER 3. 
92 
I. INTRODUCTION 92
II. OUTLINE OF THE VARIOUS AUTORADIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES 93
III. TECHNIQUES RELATED TO AUTORADIOGRAPHY 97
IV. MICROSCOPICAL ANALYSIS 102
V. CONCLUSION 105
REFERENCES 113
CHAPTER 4. Quantitative Microscopical Techniques for Single Cells 116
I. INTRODUCTION 116
II. METHODS 121
III. INDIVIDUAL TECHNIQUES 130
IV. CONCLUSIONS 155
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 158
REFERENCES 158
CHAPTER 5. Quantitative Microchemical Techniques of Histo- and 
164 
I. INTRODUCTION 165
II. PREPARATION OF SAMPLES 165
III. MEASUREMENT OF AMOUNT OF SAMPLE 168
V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES 173
VI. FLAME PHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES 175
VII. FLUOROMETRIC TECHNIQUES 176
VIII. GASOMETRIC TECHNIQUES 178
IX. 
180 
X. MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES 180
XI. CONCLUSIONS 181
REFERENCES 182
CHAPTER 6. Micrurgical Studies on Living Cells 186
I. HISTORICAL 186
II. INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCEDURES 190
III. APPLICATIONS OF MICRURGY TO THE STUDY OF LIVING CELLS 194
IV. SUBCELLULAR TRANSPLANTATION 194
V. FUTURE APPLICATIONS AND EXTENSIONS OF MICRURGY 208
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 214
REFERENCES 214
CHAPTER 7. The Isolation of Subcellular Components 218
I. INTRODUCTION 219
II. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF ISOLATION PROCEDURE 222
III. THE TECHNIQUES OF CELL FRACTIONATION 237
IV. SOME REPRESENTATIVE ISOLATION PROCEDURES 273
V. STANDARDIZATION PROCEDURES 288
VI. SOME GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 306
REFERENCES 307
CHAPTER 8. The Cell as Organism. "TTissu Culture," Cellular Autonomy, 
316 
I. INTRODUCTION 317
II. HISTORY 318
III. THE SUBJECT MATTER 320
IV. METHODS 335
V. CONCLUSIONS 347
REFERENCES 348
PART II: 
352 
CHAPTER 9. 
354 
I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF FERTILIZATION 354
II. FERTILIZATION IN SELECTED CASES 361
III. CONCLUSIONS 416
REFERENCES 418
CHAPTER 10. 
426 
I. INTRODUCTION 427
II. CYTOGENETIC THEORY OF SEX DETERMINATION 428
III. KARYOLOGIC BASIS OF THE MECHANISMS OF SEX DETERMINATION 429
IV. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATIONS OF THE CYTOGENETIC THEORY 
442 
V. GENETIC BIPOTENTIALITY OF SEX 452
VI. INTERSEXUALITY AND GENETIC INTERPRETATION OF SEX: 
453 
VII: EPIGAMOUS FACTORS, INTERSEXUALITY, AND SEX DETERMINATION 458
VIII. CONCLUSIONS 459
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 460
REFERENCES 460
CHAPTER 11. Differentiation of 
464 
I. THE CONCEPT OF DIFFERENTIATION 466
II. CRITERIA OF DIFFERENTIATION 468
III. PROPERTIES OF CYTODIFFERENTIATION 475
IV. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 513
REFERENCES 518
CHAPTER 12. Patterns of Cell Growth and 
524 
I. INTRODUCTION 524
II. SHOOT DEVELOPMENT FROM A SINGLE APICAL CELL 528
III. APICAL DEVELOPMENT FROM A GROUP OF INITIAL CELLS 537
REFERENCES 561
CHAPTER 13. Nucleocytoplasmic Interactions 
564 
I. INTRODUCTION 565
II. ORGANIZATION OF THE EGG 567
III. NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC INTERACTIONS IN CLEAVAGE 581
IV. NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC INTERACTIONS IN DIFFERENTIATION 592
V. GENERAL SUMMARY 636
REFERENCES 638
CHAPTER 14. The Acquisition of 
646 
I. BIOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY 647
II. 
649 
III. THE ONTOGENY OF TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY 660
IV. ACTIVELY ACQUIRED TOLERANCE 662
V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE SPECIFICITY 671
VI. OTHER RESPONSES OF DEVELOPING SYSTEMS TO IMPLANTS 
695 
VII. CONCLUDING REMARKS: PERSPECTIVES 711
REFERENCES 713
CHAPTER 15. 
722 
INTRODUCTION 723
II. ACTION OF RADIATIONS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL 723
III. BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS 732
IV. CYTOCHEMICAL EFFECTS 737
V. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 741
VI. VARIABLES IN RADIATION EFFECTS 751
VII. ALTERATIONS OF RADIATION EFFECTS BY FOREIGN AGENTS 755
REFERENCES 760
AUTHOR INDEX 768
SUBJECT INDEX 795