Methods of Animal Experimentation (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Methods of Animal Experimentation 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
List of Contributors 6
Preface 8
Contents of Volume I 14
Introduction 16
CHAPTER 1. Radiation Hygiene 18
I. The Nature and Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Effects 18
II. Health Physics 44
APPENDIX 68
RECOMMENDED READING 71
REFERENCES 71
CHAPTER 2. Use of Ionizing Radiation for Measuring Biological Phenomena 76
I. Introduction 76
II. Laboratory Design 77
III. Handling of Radioisotopes in the Animal Colony 85
IV. Administration of Radiation or Radioisotopes to the Experimental Animal 102
V. Collection of Samples 155
VI. Uses of Radioisotopes 163
GENERAL REFERENCES 181
REFERENCES 184
CHAPTER 3. Tumor Transplantation 188
I. Introduction 188
II. History and Biological Properties of 38 Transplantable Mouse, Rat, Hamster, and Chicken Tumors 191
III. Techniques of Tumor Transplantation 205
IV. Importance of Uniform Inoculum 228
V. Importance of Animal Strain 229
VI. Inoculation Site 229
VII. Influence of Age and Sex 230
VIII. Influence of Health 230
IX. Influence of Pregnancy 230
X. Interval after Which Growth Becomes Apparent 231
XI. Comparative Growth Rate of the Malignant Cells 231
XII. Inoculation of Stationary or Receding Tumors 232
XIII. Spontaneous Regression of Transplantable Tumors 232
XIV. Resistance to Reinoculation 232
XV. Frozen Storage of Transplantable Tumors 233
XVI. Summary 237
REFERENCES 238
CHAPTER 4. Parabiosis 240
I. Introduction 240
II. Methods 243
III. Blood and Fluid Exchange Between Parabiotic Rats 255
IV. Diseases of Parabiosis 258
REFERENCES 265
CHAPTER 5. Organ Transplantation 268
I. General Discussion of the Types of Problem That Can Be Investigated by Experimental Organ Transplantation 268
II. The Selection of Animals for Organ Transplantation 275
III. The Surgical Technique 276
IV. Methods of Assessment of Renal Function and Homograft Reaction in Animals with Renal Transplants 283
V. Summary 287
REFERENCES 288
CHAPTER 6. The Care and Use of Hibernating Mammals 290
I. Hibernation 291
II. Mammals That Hibernate 294
III. Types of Mammalian Hibernation 301
IV. Environmental Factors 304
V. Hibernation versus Hypothermia 305
VI. Estivation 305
VII. Choice of Animal for Research 305
IX. Care of Individual Species 307
X. Techniques for Use of Hibernators 316
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 338
GENERAL REFERENCES 339
REFERENCES CITED 340
CHAPTER 7. High-Altitude Studies 350
I. Introduction 350
II. "Natural" High-Altitude Studies 358
III. "Simulated" High-Altitude Studies 369
IV. Conclusions 381
REFERENCES 382
CHAPTER 8. Care and Growth of Animals during Chronic Centrifugation 388
I. Introduction 389
II. Applications 407
III. General Considerations in the Design of Centrifuge Programs 413
IV. Specific Procedures Employed with Experimental Animals 448
V. Procedures of Measurement and Analysis 453
VI. Summary 461
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 462
REFERENCES 462
CHAPTER 9. Controlled Exercise 468
I. Introduction 468
II. Methods of Inducing Controlled Exercise 469
III. Factors Influencing Controlled Exercise Results 481
IV. Factors Affecting Endurance 483
REFERENCES 494
ADDITIONAL USEFUL REFERENCES 496
CHAPTER 10. Methods of Animal Infection with Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses 498
I. Introduction 498
II. Animal Inoculation versus Tissue Culture Testing and the Use of Artificial Media 504
III. Factors Influencing the Choice of Animals and Route of Inoculation 505
IV. General Procedures According to Route of Inoculation 506
V. Study of Specific Infections 516
REFERENCES 540
CHAPTER 11. Electronic Monitoring of Physiological Phenomena in Experimental Animals 544
I. Components of a Monitoring System 545
II. Electrocardiography 555
III. Intravascular and Intracardiac Electrocardiography 562
IV. Phonocardiography 571
V. Intravascular Pressures 574
VI. Ultrasound 584
VII. Temperature Monitoring 588
VIII. Respiration 589
IX. Densitometry 590
X. Electrophysiological Signals from the Brain 592
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 596
REFERENCES 596
Author Index 598
Subject Index 614