Blood Group Substances (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Blood Group Substances: Their Chemistry and Immunochemistry 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 6
CHAPTER 1. Introduction. The Human Blood Group Factors 12
THE ABO SYSTEM 13
OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS 18
ISOIMMUNIZATION AND THE DISCOVERY OF BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS 22
ISOIMMUNIZATION IN OTHER ANIMALS 30
PANAGGLUTINABLE ERYTHROCYTES 31
ERYTHROCYTE MOSAICISM 33
ACTIVELY ACQUIRED TOLERANCE TO FOREIGN CELLS 34
AUTOANTIBODY FORMATION AND HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA 35
GENETIC BASIS OF BLOOD GROUPING 36
REFERENCES 44
CHAPTER 2. Methods and Reagents Used in Testing for Blood Group Antibodies and Antigens 51
HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS FOR "BLOCKING" ANTIBODY 55
POTENCY OF ANTISERA FOR BLOOD GROUPING 65
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON HEMAGGLUTINATION 66
ASSAY FOR BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES IN SOLUTION 67
ESTIMATION OF ANTIBODY NITROGEN CONTENT OF ANTISERA 74
ESTIMATION OF BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES 75
ESTIMATION OF THE DEGREE OF PRECIPITABILITY OF AN ANTIGEN BY EXCESS ANTIBODY 77
ELUTION OF ANTIBODIES FROM ERYTHROCYTES 77
PREPARATION OF HUMAN ANTISERA TO THE VARIOUS BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES IN HUMANS 78
ANTISERA FOR THE COOMBS TEST 88
MISCELLANEOUS SERA AND MATERIALS REACTING WITH BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS 88
ENZYMES SPLITTING BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES 99
EFFECT OF PERIODATE ON BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES 102
REFERENCES 103
CHAPTER 3. Sources of Blood Group Substances 111
OTHER BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES 124
REFERENCES 126
CHAPTER 4. Purification of Blood Group Substances 129
SUBSTANCES FROM ERYTHROCYTES 129
BLOOD GROUP A, B, O (H), AND Lea SUBSTANCES FROM GLANDULAR TISSUES AND FROM SECRETIONS 133
A, B, AND INACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM HORSE GASTRIC MUCOSA (cf. 86) 148
BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES FROM MECONIUM (cf. 64) 150
REFERENCES 150
CHAPTER 5.Chemical Composition and Properties of the Blood Group A, B, O (H) and Lea Preparations 153
REFERENCES 170
CHAPTER 6. Chemical and Immunochemical Characterization of the Blood Group Substances—Evidence of Purity 173
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION 173
IMMUNOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION 177
REFERENCES 193
CHAPTER 7. Immunochemical Similarities and Differences among Blood Group Substances from Various Species 195
DIFFERENCES BY HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION 196
DIFFERENCES BY QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITIN TESTS 199
CROSS REACTIVITY WITH TYPE XIV ANTIPNEUMOCOCCAL SERUM 213
ANTIGENICITY DIFFERENCES 217
RELATION TO THE J FACTOR AND THE R AND r FACTORS OF SHEEP 218
REFERENCES 220
CHAPTER 8. Some Features of the Structure of the Blood Group A, B, O (H), and Lea Substances 221
STRUCTURAL CHANGES PRODUCED BY MILD ACID HYDROLYSIS 222
STRUCTURAL CHANGES PRODUCED BY SODIUM CARBONATE 240
STRUCTURAL CHANGES PRODUCED BY ENZYMES SPLITTING BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES 242
STRUCTURAL INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM STUDIES ON INHIBITION WITH SIMPLE SUGARS OF HEMAGGLUTINATION BY PLANT AGGLUTININS AND ANTIBODIES 249
STRUCTURAL INFORMATION FROM STUDIES ON THE INHIBITION OF BLOOD GROUP SPLITTING ENZYMES BY SIMPLE SUGARS 254
PERIODATE OXIDATION 256
REFERENCES 265
CHAPTER 9. Antibodies to Blood Group Substances and their Biological Effects 268
SALINE AGGLUTINATING AND BLOCKING ANTIBODIES 268
"LINKED" ANTI-A AND ANTI-B 276
PURIFICATION AND CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD GROUP ANTIBODIES 280
PROPERTIES OF BLOOD GROUP ANTIBODIES 284
PASSAGE OF ANTIBODIES THROUGH THE PLACENTA 285
STUDIES WITH ANTIBODIES LABELED WITH RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES 302
STUDIES WITH ANTIBODIES LABELED WITH RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES 302
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF BLOCKING ANTIBODY 303
REFERENCES 305
CHAPTER 10. Biological Effects and Uses of Blood Group Substances—Materials of Similar Chemical Composition 309
EFFECTS OF INJECTION OF A AND B SUBSTANCES 310
BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES AND THEIR RELATION TO INTRINSIC FACTOR 312
RELATIONSHIP OF BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES TO THE VIRULENCE-EN-HANCING FACTORS IN HOG GASTRIC MUCOSA 314
RELATION OF BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES TO MATERIALS INHIBITING THE ACTION OF VARIOUS VIRUSES 316
MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES REPORTED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCES WITH CONSTITUENTS PRESENT INBLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES
REFERENCES 321
SUBJECT INDEX 326