Epidemiology of Leukaemia and Lymphoma (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Epidemiology of Leukaemia and Lymphoma 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
PREFACE 8
PARTICIPANTS 12
PART I: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY 16
CHAPTER 1. INTERNATIONAL DATA COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION: A REVIEW 18
CLASSIFICATION 18
MORTALITY STATISTICS 18
MORBIDITY STATISTICS 20
EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF DESCRIPTIVE DATA 21
THE FUTURE 23
REFERENCES 25
CHAPTER 2. SEARCHING FOR CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS IN CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY 26
REFERENCES 27
CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA IN GREAT BRITAIN 28
REGISTRATION RATES BY AGE AND SEX 28
WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS (AND CELLMARKERS) 28
HISTOLOGICAL SUBTYPES 30
REFERENCES 31
CHAPTER 4. RECENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL. STUDIES OF LEUKAEMIA IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 32
INTRODUCTION 32
LEUKAEMIA RESEARCH FUND STUDIES 32
RESULTS 32
CONCLUSION 39
CHAPTER 5. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL. AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDHOOD LEUKAEMIA IN THE NETHERLANDS: POPULATION-BASED DATA FROM A NATIONWIDE CO-OPERATIVE GROUP OF PAEDIATRICIANS 40
INTRODUCTION 40
PATIENTS AND METHODS 41
RESULTS 41
DISCUSSION 44
REFERENCES 45
PART II: IDENTIFYING CAUSES OF LEUKAEMIA/LYMPHOMA 46
CHAPTER 6. VIRUSES AS RISK FACTORS OR CAUSES OF HUMAN LEUKAEMIAS AND LYMPHOMAS? 48
INTRODUCTION 48
SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HTLV-I AND III IN FRENCH WEST INDIES 48
THE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS IN THE ETIOLOGY OF BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA 51
REFERENCES 52
CHAPTER 7. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN RETROVIRUSES 54
THE VALUE OF SUBTYPING IN STUDIES OF IRRADIATION AND HUMAN LEUKAEMIA 56
THE MAJOR STUDIES 56
ANALYSIS BY SUBTYPE OF LEUKAEMIA: ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS STUDY 56
ANALYSIS BY SUBTYPE OF LEUKAEMIA: LIFE SPAN STUDY 57
CONCLUSIONS 60
REFERENCES 61
CHAPTER 8. INHERITED FACTORS IN LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA 62
INHERITED SYNDROMES 62
TWINS 62
FAMILIES 63
INHERITED TRAITS 63
CONCLUSIONS 63
REFERENCES 64
CHAPTER 9. ANIMAL MODELS: LESSONS FROM FELINE AND BOVINE LEUKAEMIA VIRUS INFECTIONS 65
FELINE LEUKAEMIA VIRUS 65
REFERENCES 67
PART III: THE GEOGRAPHY OF LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA SUBTYPES 68
CHAPTER 10. COLLABORATIVE GROUP STUDY OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA SUBTYPES: BACKGROUND AND FIRST REPORT 70
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALL 70
SUBTYPES OF ALL 71
THE COLLABORATIVE GROUP STUDY OF ALL SUBTYPES 73
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS AND PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS 81
CENTRES WITH A BIAS IN ALL SUBGROUPS 81
INCREASE IN T-ALL OR DEFICIT IN COMMON ALL? 81
POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS FOR BIAS IN ALL SUBSETS 81
FURTHER COMMENTS AND CRITICISMS ON THE COLLABORATIVE STUDY AND FUTURE PLANS 84
REFERENCES 85
CHAPTER 11. THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LYMPHOMAS AND LEUKAEMIAS IN AFRICA — AN OVERVIEW 89
INTRODUCTION 89
LYMPHOMAS 89
LEUKAEMIAS 92
REFERENCES 93
CHAPTER 12. INFLUENCE OF LIFE-STYLE ON THE PATTERN OF LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA SUBTYPES AMONG NIGERIANS 95
INTRODUCTION 95
METHODS 95
RESULTS 95
DISCUSSION 97
REFERENCES 99
CHAPTER 13. LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA IN KENYA 100
THE LEUKAEMIAS 100
THE MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS 104
BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA 105
REFERENCES 105
CHAPTER 14. PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION ON LEUKAEMIA CELL MARKERS IN KENYA 106
I. INTRODUCTION 106
II. PATIENTS 106
III. METHODS 106
IV. RESULTS (SEE TABLE 1) 106
DISCUSSION 107
REFERENCES 107
CHAPTER 15. IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC CLASSIFICATION OF LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA — AN EXPERIENCE IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AREA OF THE CAPE PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA 108
INTRODUCTION 108
MATERIALS AND METHODS 109
RESULTS (TABLE 1) 109
DISCUSSION 112
CONCLUSION 115
REFERENCES 115
CHAPTER 16. ACUTE CHILDHOOD LEUKAEMIA IN JOHANNESBURG 117
ACUTE CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA IN JOHANNESBURG 117
INCIDENCE 117
ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS 117
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA 117
ACUTE NON-LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA 118
CONCLUSION 119
REFERENCES 119
CHAPTER 17. OBSERVATIONS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SUBTYPES OF LYMPHATIC MALIGNANCIES IN ISRAEL 120
REFERENCES 121
CHAPTER 18. CHILDHOOD T-CELL ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA IN THE CAMPANIA REGION OF ITALY, 1980–1984 122
REFERENCES 123
CHAPTER 19. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE OF CHILDHOOD ALL IN GREECE* 124
INCIDENCE OF LEUKAEMIA/LYMPHOMA IN GREECE 124
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA SUBTYPES 124
REFERENCES 126
CHAPTER 20. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LEUKAEMIAS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 127
I. INCIDENCE 127
II. MORTALITY 127
III. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 127
IV. NATIONAL MINORITIES 128
V. TYPES OF LEUKAEMIAS 128
VI. OCCUPATION 129
REFERENCES 129
EDITORS' NOTE 130
REFERENCES 130
CHAPTER 21. EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA AND ADULT T-CELL LEUKAEMIA IN JAPAN 131
REFERENCES 133
CHAPTER 22. LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA IN MALAYSIA 138
METHODS 138
RESULTS 138
DISCUSSION 139
CHAPTER 23. SURFACE MARKER ANALYSIS OF ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA IN TAIWAN, REPUBLIC OF CHINA* 141
INTRODUCTION 141
PATIENTS AND METHODS 141
RESULTS 142
DISCUSSION 143
REFERENCES 145
CHAPTER 24. LEUKAEMIAS AND LYMPHOMAS AT LUCKNOW, INDIA 147
LYMPHOMAS 147
LEUKAEMIAS 148
REFERENCES 150
CHAPTER 25. LEUKAEMIA/LYMPHOMA INCIDENCE IN NEW ZEALAND: ACUTE LEUKAEMIA SUBTYPES IN THE SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND, 1983–1984 151
INCIDENCE OF LEUKAEMIA/LYMPHOMA IN NEW ZEALAND 151
ACUTE LEUKAEMIA SUBTYPES, SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND 1983-1984 151
ADDENDUM 155
CHAPTER 26. CELL MARKERS AND ACUTE LEUKAEMIA SUBTYPES IN CHILE 156
INTRODUCTION 156
PATIENTS AND METHODS 156
RESULTS 156
DISCUSSION 158
REFERENCES 159
CHAPTER 27. IMMUNOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE OF LEUKAEMIAS AND LYMPHOMAS IN ARGENTINA 160
OVERALL INCIDENCE OF LEUKAEMIAS AND LYMPHOMA IN ARGENTINA 160
IMMUNOLOGICAL TYPING OF ACUTE LEUKAEMIA PERIOD MARCH/83- FEBRUARY/84 161
REFERENCES 163
CHAPTER 28. VARIATION BY RACE IN PRESENTING CLINICAL AND BIOLOGIC FEATURES OF CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT OUTCOME* 164
INTRODUCTION 164
MATERIALS AND METHODS 164
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 165
REFERENCES 169
PART IV: TECHNICAL APPENDIX 172
CHAPTER 29. PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN STANDARDISED IMMUNOPHENOTYPING OF LEUKAEMIAS AND LYMPHOMAS 174
CHAPTER 30. IMMUNO-ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LABELLING OF HAEMATOLOGICAL SAMPLES : TECHNIQUE AND APPLICATIONS 175
INTRODUCTION 175
THE IMMUNO-ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE METHOD 175
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF APAAP CELL SMEAR STAINING 175
APPLICATIONS OF APAAP METHODS 175
REFERENCES 176
CHAPTER 31. DETECTION OF SURFACE MEMBRANE ANTIGENS BY A ROSETTE ASSAY USING ANTIBODY COUPLED RED CELLS 177
INTRODUCTION 177
METHODS 177
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 177
REFERENCES 178