CNS Pharmacology Neuropeptides (eBook)

Front Cover 1
CNS Pharmacology 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Introduction 10
PART 1: INVITED LECTURE 12
Chapter 1. Opioid Peptides and their Receptors 14
ABSTRACT 14
KEYWORDS 14
INTRODUCTION 14
HETEREOGENEITY OF OPIATE RECEPTORS 15
EPILOGUE 23
REFERENCES 23
PART 2: SYMPOSIUM Opioid Peptides and their Relevance for CNS Mechanisms 26
Chapter 2. Role of "Enkephalinase" (Enkephalin- Dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase) as Synaptic Neuropeptidase 28
ABSTRACT 28
INTRODUCTION 28
PROPERTIES OF "ENKEPHALINASE" AND PROPOSED MODEL FOR ITS ACTIVE SITE. 29
LOCALISATION OF "ENKEPHALINASE" 31
EFFECTS OF THIORPHAN, AN ENKEPHALINASE INHIBITOR 34
CONCLUSION : CRITERIA FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF A SYNAPTIC NEUROPEPTIDASE 35
REFERENCES 37
Chapter 3. Opioid Peptides and Analgesia: Sites of Action 40
ABSTRACT 40
KEYWORDS 40
INTRODUCTION 40
SUMMARY 47
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 48
REFERENCES 48
Chapter 4. Intrathecal Use of Beta-Endorphin as a Powerful Analgetic Agent in Man 50
ABSTRACT 50
KEYWORDS 50
INTRODUCTION 50
RELIEF OF CANCER PAIN 50
METHOD: 50
RESULTS 51
ß-ENDORPHIN FOR OBSTETRICAL ANALGESIA MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52
RESULTS: 53
DISCUSSION: 53
REFERENCES 54
Chapter 5. Endorphins and Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone in Shock and Trauma 56
ABSTRACT 56
KEYWORDS 56
INTRODUCTION 56
ENDOTOXIC SHOCK 57
HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK 58
SPINAL TRAUMA 60
ENDOCRINE INVOLVEMENT 61
AUTONOMIC INVOLVEMENT 62
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SHOCK 63
REFERENCES 63
Chapter 6. Endorphins — Clinical Relevance in Neurology 68
ABSTRACT 68
KEYWORDS 68
INTRODUCTION 69
REFERENCES 76
Chapter 7. On the Role of Endorphins in Addiction 78
ABSTRACT 78
KEYWORDS 78
INTRODUCTION 78
CONCLUSIONS 84
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 85
REFERENCES 85
PART 3: INVITED LECTURE Critical Review of Pain Relieving Procedures Including Acupuncture 88
Chapter 8. Critical Review of Pain Relieving Procedures Including Acupuncture 90
ABSTRACT 90
KEYWORDS 90
INTRODUCTION 90
ANALGESIA AND THE MULTIPLE DESCENDING INHIBITORY SYSTEMS 91
A. THE NRGC NRPG-SPINAL NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM 92
B. THE PAG-NRM-SPINAL SEROTONERGIC SYSTEM 94
C. THE OPIOIDERGIC SYSTEMS 96
D. ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA 99
REFERENCE 100
PART 4: SYMPOSIUM Substance P 104
Chapter 9. Substance P-Mediated Synaptic Excitation in Mammalian Spinal Cord and Sympathetic Ganglia 106
ABSTRACT 106
KEYWORDS 106
INTRODUCTION 106
IDENTIFICATION BY HPLC OF IMMUNOREACTIVE SP RELEASED FROM RAT SPINAL CORD 107
SP IN THE SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA OF THE GUINEA PIG 108
ENKEPHALINERGIC PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION ON SP SYNAPSE 111
PEPTIDERGIC SYNAPSES IN SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA 111
CONCLUSIONS 112
REFERENCES 112
Chapter 10. Substance P in the Intestine 114
ABSTRACT 114
KEYWORDS 114
INTRODUCTION 114
DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN OF SUBSTANCE P-CONTAINING NEURONS IN THE INTESTINE 116
PROJECTIONS OF THE ENTERIC SUBSTANCE P IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS 117
RELEASE OF SUBSTANCE P FROM INTESTINAL NERVES 118
THE SITES OF ACTION OF SUBSTANCE P IN THE INTESTINE 120
NERVE PATHWAYS WHICH INVOLVE SUBSTANCE P-CONTAINING NEURONS 120
REFERENCES 121
Chapter 11. Substance P and the Primary Afferent Neuron 126
ABSTRACT 126
KEYWORDS 126
Introduction 126
Afferent peptidergic neurons 127
Substance P in small diameter primary afferents 127
Capsaicin 128
Central nerve endings 129
Interaction with opiates 130
Peripheral nerve endings 131
Involvement of histamine 132
Somatostatin 132
Axon reflex 132
REFERENCES 133
PART 5: INVITED LECTURE Inhibition of Prolactin Secretion 138
Chapter 12. Inhibitors of Prolactin Secretion 140
ABSTRACT 140
KEYWORDS 140
INTRODUCTION 140
I THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS 141
II INHIBITORS OF PROLACTIN SECRETION 141
Ill COMMENTS 150
REFERENCES 151
PART 6: INVITED LECTURE Anorectic Agents and Satietin, an Endogenous Inhibitor of Food Intake 156
Chapter 13. Anorectic Agents and Satietin, an Endogenous Inhibitor of Food Intake 158
ABSTRACT 158
KEYWORDS 158
REFERENCES 171
PART 7: SYMPOSIUM Neuropeptides and Related Compounds Affecting Learning and Memory 174
Chapter 14. Neuropeptides and Emotional Behavior 176
ABSTRACT 176
KEYWORDS 176
INTRODUCTION 176
BEHAVIORAL EFFECT 177
NEUROCHEMICAL EFFECTS 180
REFERENCES 183
Chapter 15. Neurohypophyseal Hormones and Memory 186
ABSTRACT 186
KEY WORDS 186
OPPOSITE INFLUENCES OF VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN ON MEMORY PROCESSES 186
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY STUDIES WITH PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS AND ANALOGS 188
MODE OF ACTION OF NEUROHYPOPHYSEAL PEPTIDES ON MEMORY PROCESSES 191
NEUROHYPOPHYSEAL PEPTIDES AND HUMAN MEMORY DISORDERS 193
REFERENCES 194
Chapter 16. Neuropeptides and Morphine Tolerance 200
ABSTRACT 200
KEYWORDS 200
METHODS 201
RESULTS 201
CONCULSIONS 207
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 208
REFERENCES 208
Chapter 17. Neurohypophyseal Hormones and Addiction 210
ABSTRACT 210
KEYWORDS 210
INTRODUCTION 210
EXPERIMENTAL ADDICTION (TEST SYSTEM) 211
OTHER ROUTES OF DG-AVP ADMINISTRATION 214
PHYSIOLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT OF VASOPRESSIN 215
STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS 217
HEROIN ADDICTS 217
MODE OF ACTION 218
CONCLUDING REMARKS 219
REFERENCES 219
PART 8: SYMPOSIUM Pharmacological Approaches to the Study of Sleep Regulation 222
Chapter 18. Sleep as a Dynamic Process 224
ABSTRACT 224
KEYWORDS 224
REFERENCES 227
Chapter 19. Purification of Sleep-Promoting Substances (SPS) 228
ABSTRACT 228
KEYWORDS 228
KEYWORDS FOR SUBJECT INDEX 228
INTRODUCTION 228
EXTRACTION OF SLEEP-PROMOTING SUBSTANCES (SPS) 229
PURIFICATION OF SLEEP-PROMOTING SUBSTANCES (SPS) 230
THE RAT BIOASSAY OF SLEEP-PROMOTING SUBSTANCES (SPS) 231
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 237
REFERENCES 237
Chapter 20. The Search for Circulating Sleep-Promoting Factors 238
ABSTRACT 238
KEYWORDS 238
INTRODUCTION 238
SUBSTANCES FROM SLEEP-DEPRIVED ANIMALS. 239
SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP OR NIGHTTIME 241
DISCUSSION 246
REFERENCES 249
Chapter 21. Voltammetric Detection of Brain 5-Hydroxyindolacetic Acid Fluctuations During the Sleep-Walking Cycle 252
ABSTRACT 252
KEYWORDS 252
INTRODUCTION 252
METHODS 253
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 253
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 254
REFERENCES 254
Chapter 22. Neuropharmacological Tests of the Reciprocal Interaction Model of Sleep Cycle Control 258
ABSTRACT 258
KEYWORDS 258
INTRODUCTION 258
REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL PHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE 259
METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND RESULTS OF ATTEMPTS TO SOLVE THEM 259
TOWARD A CELLULAR NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF SLEEP STATE CONTROL 262
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 263
REFERENCES 263
PART 9: WORKSHOP Kainic Acid and Related Compounds as a Pharmacological Tool 266
Chapter 23. Actions of Kainic Acid and Related Analogues on Hirudo, Helix and Limulus Central Neurones 268
ABSTRACT 268
KEYWORDS 268
INTRODUCTION 268
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 269
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 273
REFERENCES 273
Chapter 24. A Comparison Between the Glutamate Response and the Excitatory Junctional Potential in the Presence of Kainic Acid at the Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction 276
ABSTRACT 276
KEYWORDS 276
INTRODUCTION 276
METHODS 277
RESULTS 277
DISCUSSION 280
REFERENCES 281
Chapter 25. Kainic Acid: Neurotoxicity and Receptor Interactions 282
INTRODUCTION 282
RESULTS 282
DISCUSSION 285
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 287
REFERENCES 287
Chapter 26. A Possible Mechanism for Excitant Amino Acid Toxicity 288
ABSTRACT 288
KEYWORDS 288
INTRODUCTION 288
METHODS 289
RESULTS 289
CONCLUSIONS 290
REFERENCES 291
Index 294