Biochemical and Pharmacological Roles of Adenosylmethionine and the Central Nervous System (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Biochemical and Pharmacological Roles of Adenosylmethionine and the Central Nervous System 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 8
Abbreviations 10
Contributors 12
Chapter 1. Novel Aspects in the Biochemistry of Adenosylmethionine and Related Sulfur Compounds 14
TRANSMETHYLATION REACTIONS 15
POLYAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS AND UNUSUAL BIOCHEMICAL ROLES OF ADENOSYLMETHIONINE 19
METABOLIC PATHWAYS RELATED TO ADENOSINE-SULFUR COMPOUNDS 22
TRANSPORT OF ADENOSYLMETHIONINE 24
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 25
REFERENCES 26
Chapter 2. The Chemical Properties of Sulfonium Compounds 30
REACTIONS OF S-METHYLMETHIONINE 30
REACTIONS OF S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE 32
REACTIONS OF S-ADENOSYL-5'-METHYLTHIOPROPYLAMINE 34
REFERENCES 36
Chapter 3. Analysis and Distribution of Adenosyl-methionine and Adenosylhomocysteine in Mammalian Tissues 38
FORMATION AND REGULATORY CONSEQUENCES OF ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE IN THE METABOLISM OF ADENOSYLMETHIONINE 38
QUANTITATION OF ADENOSYLMETHIONINE AND ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE FROM TISSUES 40
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF ADENOSYLMETHIONINE AND ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE 44
FLUCTUATIONS OF THE TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF ADENOSYLMETHIONINE AND ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE 46
REFERENCES 47
Chapter 4. Protein Methylation: Perspectives in Central Nervous System 50
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 51
PROTEIN-ARGINYL METHYLATION 51
PROTEIN-CARBOXYL METHYL ESTERIFICATION 53
CONCLUDING REMARKS 61
REFERENCES 61
Chapter 5. The Relation Between Folate and Adenosylmethionine Metabolism in Brain 64
ENZYMOLOGY OF FOLATE METABOLISM IN BRAIN 64
METHYLATION PROCESSES IN TRANSMITTER METABOLISM 69
IDENTIFICATION OF THE PRODUCTS FORMED FROM FOLATE-DEPENDENT ONE-CARBON TRANSFER TO BIOGENIC AMINES 71
THE ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR ONE-CARBON TRANSFER TO BIOGENIC AMINES 72
DISCUSSION 78
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 80
REFERENCES 80
Chapter 6. Dietary Influences on Brain Neuro-transmitter Synthesis and Brain Methylation Reactions 84
NEUROTRANSMITTERS 85
SEROTONIN 87
ACETYLCHOLINE 88
CATECHOLAMINES 90
S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE 91
SUMMARY 91
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 92
REFERENCES 92
Chapter 7. Changes in Rat Brain Noradrenaline and Serotonin Metabolism after Administration of S-Adenosylmethionine 94
CHANGES IN NOREPINEPHRINE METABOLISM AFTER SAM ADMINISTRATION 94
CHANGES IN SEROTONIN METABOLISM AFTER SAM ADMINISTRATION 96
CONCLUSION 100
REFERENCES 100
Chapter 8. Cerebral Utilization of Adenosylmethionine and Adenosylhomocysteine: Effects of Methionine Sulfoximine 102
THE METHYLATION OF HISTAMINE 102
SAH HYDROLASE OF RAT BRAIN 108
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 114
REFERENCES 114
Chapter 9. Studies on Indoleamine N-Methyl-transferase, an Enzyme Possibly Involved in Psychotic Disorders 118
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON INMT 120
INMT INVOLVEMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIC SYNDROMES 126
REFERENCES 129
Chapter 10. Action of S-Adenosylmethionine on the Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal-Prolactin Axis 132
REFERENCES 137
Chapter 11. Methylation in Schizophrenia: An Old Hypothesis Revisited 140
METHODS 142
RESULTS 143
DISCUSSION 146
SUMMARY 150
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 151
REFERENCES 151
Chapter 12. Antidepressant Effects of Adenosyl-methionine: Clinical and Methodological Issues Emerging from Preliminary Trials 154
REFERENCES 159
Chapter 13. Adenosylmethionine and Chronic Ammonia Intoxication 162
INTRODUCTION 162
MATERIALS AND METHODS 163
RESULTS 164
DISCUSSION 168
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 169
REFERENCES 169
Subject Index 172
Author Index 184