Psychopharmacology of Hallucinogens (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Psychopharmacology of Hallucinogens 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
FOREWORD 8
CHAPTER 1. BIOSYNTHESIS AND ACTION OF HALLUCINOGENS IN MAMMALS 12
REFERENCES 18
CHAPTER 2. ROLE OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN THE ACTIONS OF MONOMETHOXY-AMPHETAMINES 24
INTRODUCTION 24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 31
REFERENCES 31
CHAPTER 3. ON THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HALLUCINOGENS 34
INTRODUCTION 34
REFERENCES 38
CHAPTER 4. MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS FOR INTERACTION WITH THE LSD RECEPTOR: BIOLOGICAL STUDIES AND QUANTUM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 39
Biological Studies 39
Quantitative Structure-Activity Studies 47
Molecular Reactivity 56
Simulation of the Molecular Polarization Complexes 63
SUMMARY 66
Acknowledgments 66
REFERENCES 67
Chapter 5. Progress Toward the Development of a Receptor Model for Hallucinogenic Amphetamines 72
INTRODUCTION 72
SUMMARY 82
REFERENCES 82
CHAPTER 6. CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE NEW PSYCHOTOMIMETICS 85
INTRODUCTION 85
REFERENCES 92
CHAPTER 7. PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (±)-, (S)-, and (R)-MDA 95
METHODS 96
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 100
REFERENCES 113
CHAPTER 8. SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHARMACOLOGY OF PHENCYCLIDINE 116
ABSTRACT 116
INTRODUCTION 116
METHODS 118
RESULTS 119
DISCUSSION 126
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 127
REFERENCES 127
CHAPTER 9. THE MODE OF ACTION OF LSD-LIKE HALLUCINOGENS AND THEIR IDENTIFICATION 129
METHODS 130
RESULTS 131
DISCUSSION 134
REFERENCES 135
CHAPTER 10. PRECLINICAL IDENTIFICATION OF HALLUCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS 137
INTRODUCTION 137
TEST SELECTION 138
LABORATORY RESEARCH 138
VALIDATION TESTS 143
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 156
REFERENCES 157
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 160
CHAPTER 11. DUAL EFFECTS OF LSD, MESCAL INE AND DMT 161
Effects on Humans 162
Proposed Model 163
Facilitative vs Disruptive Effects 164
Effects of Monoamine Manipulations 176
Summary and Conclusions 177
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 178
REFERENCES 179
CHAPTER 12. USE OF UNCONDITIONED AND CONDITIONED BEHAVIORS IN EVALUATING POSSIBLE HALLUCINOGENIC AGENTS 192
Abstract 192
Unconditioned Behavioral Studies in Mice and Rats 193
Conditional Behavioral Studies in Rats 200
Summary and Conclusions 215
Acknowledgements 215
References 216
CHAPTER 13. ANALYSIS OF HALLUCINOGENS BY MEANS OF PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING 218
INTRODUCTION 218
Characteristics of Pavlovian Conditioning 219
Model Classical Conditioning Preparations 223
The Effect of LSD on Acquisition of the Rabbit Nictitating Membrane Response 224
Experiment 1 226
Experiment 2 228
Experiment 3 228
REFERENCES 230
CHAPTER 14. AN ANIMAL BEHAVIOR MODEL FOR STUDYING THE ACTIONS OF LSD AND RELATED HALLUCINOGENS 231
Introduction 231
Method 233
Results 234
Discussion 242
Conclusion 246
Acknowledgements 246
References 246
CHAPTER 15. BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF HALLUCINOGENIC BEHAVIOR 252
INTRODUCTION 252
REFERENCES 267
CHAPTER 16. ANIMAL MODELS OF DRUG-INDUCED HALLUCINATIONS 270
Introduction 270
Analogue or Assay Models 271
Criteria for an Animal Model of Hallucinations 274
The Early State of the Art 275
Conclusion 276
References 277
CHAPTER 17. HALLUCINOGENS AND ATTENTIONAL DYSFUNCTION: A MODEL FOR DRUG EFFECTS AND REALITY TESTING 279
Animal Observations 281
Human Reports 288
Laboratory Studies 291
Hallucinations, Illusions, and Reality Testing 294
REFERENCES 303
CHAPTER 18. A DRUG MODEL OF HALLUCINOSIS 308
INTRODUCTION 308
CONTINUUM OF CNS STATES 308
CONTROL OF SENSORY SYSTEMS 311
SYNTHESIS 313
DRUG-INDUCED SCHIZOPHRENIA 314
ENDOGENOUS PSYCHOTOMIMETIC SUBSTANCES 314
REFERENCES 318
CHAPTER 19. EUPHOROHALLUCINOGENS - TOWARD A BEHAVIORAL MODEL 321
Summary 321
Acknowledgements 331
References 332
CHAPTER 20. THE CHEMICAL TRANSCENDENTAL STATE: AN EXPERIENCE IN SEARCH OF AN EXPLANATION 335
SUMMARY 339
REFERENCES 340
INDEX 342