Blood (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Blood 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Contributors to Volume V 11
Preface 13
Contents of Previous Volumes 14
PART I: COAGULATION 22
Chapter A. The Physiology of Blood Coagulation 24
I. Introduction 25
II. The Extrinsic Pathway of Thrombin Formation 27
III. The Intrinsic Pathway of Thrombin Formation 29
IV. The Formation of the Prothrombin-Converting Principle 37
V. The Formation of Thrombin 41
VI. The Formation of Fibrin 45
VII. The Role of Vitamin K in the Synthesis of Clotting Factors 49
VIII. Fletcher Factor 51
IX. Complement and Clotting 52
X. Physiological Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation 53
XI. L'envoi 57
References 58
Chapter B. Anticoagulants 72
I. Introduction 72
II. Clinically Used Anticoagulant Drugs 77
References 105
Chapter C. Thrombogenesis 120
I. Introduction 120
II. The Vessel Wall 122
III. Platelets and Thrombosis 125
IV. Blood Coagulation 130
V. Inhibitory and Clearance Mechanisms 137
VI. Conclusion 142
References 142
Chapter D. Thrombolysis and Thrombolytic Agents 156
I. Introduction 156
II. Plasminogen-Plasmin Enzyme System 157
III. In Vivo Actions of the Plasminogen-Plasmin Enzyme 159
IV. Studies of Plasminogen-Plasmin System Function in Disease 161
V. Thrombolytic Agents 162
VI. Clinical Studies 168
VII. Summary and Conclusions 184
References 187
PART II: PLATELETS 196
Chapter A. Biochemistry and Physiology 198
I. Introduction 198
II. Thrombopoiesis : Genesis, Control, and Survival 199
III. Platelet Morphology 199
IV. Platelet Function 202
V. Platelet Biochemistry 206
VI. Summary 213
References 214
Chapter B. Thrombocytosis and Thrombocythemia 220
I. Platelet Survival and Production in Thrombocytosis and Thrombocythemia 221
II. Thrombocytosis 223
III. Thrombocythemia 235
IV. Approach to the Patient with a High Platelet Count 249
V. Conclusion 251
References 251
Chapter C. Mechanisms of Immunologic Drug Effects on Blood Cells 258
References 269
PART III: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS 272
I. The Organization of Hematopoietic Populations 272
II. Hematopoietic Stem Cells 274
III. Progenitor Cells 280
IV. Regulation of Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem and Progenitor Cells 291
V. Discussion 301
References 302
PART IV: WHITE CELLS 310
Chapter A. Myeloid 312
1. Myelopoiesis—Normal Biochemistry and Physiology 312
2. Effects of Drugs on Myelopoiesis 334
Chapter B. Physiological and Immunologic Activities of Lymphocytes 384
I. Introduction and Historical Background 384
II. Characteristics of Lymphocytes 385
III. Methods of Separation of Lymphoid Cells 398
IV. Nonimmune Functions of Lymphocytes 400
V. Lymphocyte Phylogeny 401
VI. Ontogeny of Lymphoid Cells 403
VII. Bursa-Derived or Bone Marrow-Derived Lymphocytes 407
VIII. Lymphocyte Function in the Immune Response in Vivo 407
IX. In Vitro Correlates of the Immune Response 412
X. Suppression of Immunity by Nonspecific Agents 419
References 423
PART V: RED CELLS 430
Chapter A. Erythropoietic Cellular Proliferation 432
I. Introduction 432
II. The Pluripotent Stem Cell 433
III. The Committed Stem Cell 439
IV. The Mechanism of Interaction between the Erythropoietin and the Committed (Erythropoietin Responsive) Stem Cell 441
V. The Differentiated Compartment 445
VI. Maintenance of the Steady State 446
VII. Bone Marrow Structure 448
VIII. Summary 451
References 451
Chapter B. Iron 456
I. Introduction 457
II. Sources 457
III. Absorption 458
IV. Development of Iron Deficiency 459
V. Repair of Iron Deficiency 460
VI. Treatment of Iron Deficiency 461
VII. Oral Iron Therapy 462
VIII. Parenteral Iron Therapy 465
IX. Mixed Deficiency States 466
X. Iron Supplementation of Diet 467
XI. Iron Poisoning 468
XII. Deferoxamine 469
XIII. Interrelations of Iron and Other Pharmacologically Active Materials 471
XIV. Methods to Study the Absorption of Iron 473
XV. The Use of Animals to Study Iron Metabolism 475
General References 475
References 476
Chapter C. Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid 482
I. Introduction 482
II. Vitamin B12 484
III. Folic Acid 502
References 513
Chapter D. The Red Cell and Hyperoxia 516
I. Introduction and Background 516
II. Observations Suggesting that Hyperoxia Could Result in Damage and Lysis of Red Cells 517
III. The Hemolytic Effect of Hyperoxia on Red Cells 518
IV. Other Observations on the Effect of Hyperoxia on Red Cells 523
V. Implications of These Findings to Other Areas of Pharmacologic Interest 525
References 527
Chapter E. Erythropoietin 530
I. Introduction 530
II. Assay 531
III. Regulation of Erythropoietin Production 533
IV. Effect of Drugs and Hormones on Erythropoietin Production 536
V. Site Controlling Erythropoietin Production 539
VI. Chemical Nature of Erythropoietin 543
VII. Metabolism 546
VIII. Mechanism of Action 549
IX. Medical Implications of Erythropoietin 558
X. Summary 565
References 566
Chapter F. Transferrin 576
I. Introduction 576
II. Physicochemical Properties of Transferrin 577
III. Transferrin Physiology 579
IV. Transferrin Genetics 582
References 585
Subject Index 590